Rhinosinusitis

Rhinosinusitis

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Definisi

Dalam istilah medis, rhino ialah hidung, sedangkan sinus adalah rongga kecil yang saling terhubung melalui saluran udara di dalam tulang tengkorak. Sinus paranasal adalah sinus yang berada di sekitar hidung. Terdapat empat sinus paranasal yaitu sinus frontal, sinus maksila, sinus ethmoid, dan sinus sfenoid. Fungsi sinus adalah untuk menghangatkan atau melembabkan udara yang dihirup, membantu pengaturan tekanan dalam hidung, pertahanan tubuh, meringankan tengkorak, dan memberikan resonansi udara. Gejala sinusitis dapat berbeda tergantung sinus yang terdampak.

Rhinosinusitis adalah peradangan pada mukosa atau selaput lendir rongga hidung dan sinus paranasal. Istilah rhinosinusitis lebih dipilih daripada sinusitis saja karena peradangan pada rongga sinus hampir selalu disertai dengan peradangan rongga hidung. Rhinosinusitis dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif pada kualitas hidup seseorang, meningkatkan beban kesehatan masyarakat karena obat-obatan, dan operasi yang dibutuhkan, serta menurunkan produktivitas pasien.

Rhinosinusitis diklasifikasikan berdasarkan lamanya gejala dan peradangan yang terjadi.

  • Rhinosinusitis akut: jika gejala baru terjadi selama kurang dari 12 minggu. Tipe ini dibagi lagi menjadi dua berdasarkan penyebabnya yaitu:
    • Rhinosinusitis viral
    • Rhinosinusitis bakterial
  • Rhinosinusitis akut berulang: jika terdapat 4 atau lebih episode rhinosinusitis akut bakterial dalam satu tahun
  • Rhinosinusitis kronis: jika gejala sudah berlangsung lebih dari 12 minggu meskipun sudah diobati

Penyebab

Kebanyakan rhinosinusitis akut disebabkan oleh virus dan dapat sembuh sendiri. Biasanya rhinosinusitis akut didahului oleh infeksi saluran napas atas.

Bakteri penyebab rhinosinusitis yang paling sering adalah Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, dan Moraxella catarrhalis.

Semua keadaan yang mengakibatkan tersumbatnya aliran lendir dari sinus ke rongga hidung akan menyebabkan rhinosinusitis. Beberapa contohnya adalah:

  • Kelainan struktur seperti adanya polip atau tumor pada rongga hidung
  • Pilek atau flu akibat alergi atau infeksi
  • Benda asing dalam rongga hidung (sering pada anak-anak)
  • Pengobatan infeksi saluran napas atas yang tidak sempurna
  • Gigi bagian atas berlubang
  • Polusi udara

Faktor Risiko

Beberapa orang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami rhinosinusitis, yaitu yang memiliki:

  • Gangguan imun tubuh seperti pada penderita diabetes, HIV/AIDS, kanker, orang yang meminum obat-obatan penekan imun seperti kortikosteroid, dan pasca transplantasi organ
  • Rhinitis (pilek) alergi. Meskipun belum ada penelitian yang mengatakan bahwa rhinitis alergi memiliki keterkaitan dengan rhinosinusitis, namun kedua kondisi ini sering terjadi bersamaan. Individu yang memiliki rhinitis alergi lebih rentan mengalami rhinosinusitis, terutama tipe kronis.
  • Penderita asma sering mengalami rhinosinusitis kronis dan berulang
  • Fibrosis kistik. Hampir seluruh penderita fibrosis kistik juga mengidap terkena rhinosinusitis
  • Penyakit refluks asam lambung

Gejala

Pada sinusitis terjadi peradangan dan pembengkakan pada rongga sinus. Hal ini akan mengganggu aliran lendir sehingga lendir akan menumpuk dalam rongga sinus sehingga menyebabkan gejala. Gejala umum dari rhinosinusitis adalah:

  • Hidung tersumbat
  • Nyeri pada wajah
  • Demam
  • Lendir berwarna kuning atau hijau
  • Sensasi lendir di belakang tenggorokan
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Nyeri gigi. Akar gigi geraham atas berada di dekat sinus maksila, sehingga ketika sinus maksila meradang, otak akan menginterpretasikannya sebagai radang yang berasal dari gigi
  • Batuk
  • Nyeri / berat / rasa tertekan pada telinga
  • Bau mulut. Biasanya infeksi bakteri pada sinus yang menyebabkan bau tidak enak

Pada rhinosinusitis akut bakterial dapat disertai gejala demam, nyeri hebat, kelelahan, hilang atau berkurangnya penciuman, telinga penuh atau tertekan. Pada penyebab bakteri gejala juga lebih banyak dirasakan pada satu sisi wajah, misalnya hidung tersumbat atau lendir hanya dari satu sisi hidung.

Sementara itu, dapat juga muncul gejala yang sesuai dengan sinus yang terkena seperti:

  • Nyeri dan pembengkakan pada pipi dan kelopak mata (sinusitis maksila)
  • Pembengkakan dan nyeri dahi dan kelopak mata atas (sinusitis frontal)
  • Pembengkakan dan nyeri di belakang atau di antara kedua bola mata (sinus etmoid)
  • Nyeri di belakang kepala (sinusitis sfenoid)

Diagnosis        

Biasanya untuk menegakan diagnosis rhinosinusitis, dokter hanya akan menanyakan mengenai riwayat kesehatan Anda dan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik. Namun, pada beberapa kasus misalnya yang dicurigai terdapat komplikasi, dibutuhkan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti pemeriksaan transluminasi, rontgen sinus paranasal, CT-scan, sinoskopi, dan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi. CT scan umumnya digunakan untuk mengkonfirmasi secara obyektif adanya peradangan pada sinus dan hidung dan untuk membedakan rhinosinusitis dengan kondisi lainnya yang menimbulkan gejala serupa, misalnya rhinitis alergi dan nyeri wajah.

Tata Laksana

Rhinosinusitis akut virus biasanya dapat sembuh sendiri dalam 7 sampai 10 hari dengan obat flu yang dijual bebas. Pilihan obat-obatan untuk rhinosinusitis adalah:

  • Obat-obatan untuk meredakan gejala seperti:
    • Dekongestan untuk meredakan hidung tersumbat. Obat ini tidak boleh dikonsumsi lebih dari 3-4 hari berturut-turut karena dapat menyebabkan kembalinya sumbatan
    • Obat semprot hidung berisi ipatropium bromida yang dapat mengurangi gejala hidung berair yang berkaitan dengan rhinosinusitis virus. Penggunaan obat ini pada lansia harus berhati-hati
    • Obat semprot hidung steroid untuk memperbaiki gejala pada rhinosinusitis ringan dan sedang. Obat ini biasanya ditoleransi dengan baik dan hanya memiliki efek samping yang minimal
    • Obat steroid minum jangka pendek dapat berguna untuk rhinosinusitis kronik yang disertai dengan polip hidung. Obat ini dapat mengecilkan ukuran polip dan mengurangi peradangan yang ada. Namun, karena diminum maka efek sampingnya lebih banyak daripada sediaan semprot
    • Obat nyeri untuk nyeri wajah
    • Antibiotik bila disertai dengan infeksi bakteri. Berdasarkan pedoman pengobatan rhinosinusitis, antibiotik digunakan jika gejala tidak membaik dalam 7-10 hari atau terjadi perburukan gejala. Antibiotik juga dapat digunakan jika terdapat komplikasi seperti kemerahan atau pembengkakan pada jaringan sekitar bola mata. Pilihan antibiotik untuk rhinosinusitis adalah amoksisilin atau amoksisilin/klavulanat
  • Cuci hidung dengan larutan garam fisiologis
  • Fisioterapi dengan pemanasan menggunakan sinar gelombang pendek
  • Operasi: diindikasikan jika terdapat risiko komplikasi pada otak atau bila terbentuk abses (kantung berisi nanah) pada sekitar bola mata

Komplikasi

Meskipun rhinosinusitis ini biasanya dapat sembuh sendiri, namun terdapat beberapa komplikasi serius yang dapat terjadi, bahkan diantaranya ada yang dapat mengancam nyawa. Jika rhinosinusitis tidak diobat atau dibiarkan berlangsung lama, maka komplikasi yang mungkin timbul adalah infeksi otak, infeksi jaringan sekitar bola mata sehingga menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan, infeksi tulang sekitar sinus, perubahan bentuk wajah (menjadi menonjol atau bengkak), dan radang tenggorokan berulang. Selain itu, rhinosinusitis juga dapat menyebabkan hilangnya kemampuan indera penciuman secara permanen jika tidak ditangani dengan baik.

Pencegahan

  • Menghindari faktor pencetus seperti gigi berlubang, pilek (alergi, infeksi), benda asing, dan paparan asap
  • Penanganan alergi yang baik dengan:
    • Menghindari pencetus alergi seperti tungau, debu, asap, serbuk sari, bulu hewan
    • Menjalankan pola hidup yang sehat misalnya makan bergizi, olahraga, dan tidak merokok
    • Pengobatan alergi

Kapan harus ke Dokter?

Kebanyakan rhinosinusitis bisa diobati sendiri tanpa ke dokter. Namun, ada beberapa kondisi dimana Anda harus berkonsultasi dengan dokter, yaitu:

  • Gejala berlangsung lebih dari satu minggu
  • Gejala memburuk setelah sebelumnya sempat membaik
  • Demam yang tidak kunjung turun
  • Adanya riwayat rhinosinusitis kronik atau berulang

Anda juga disarankan untuk segera mengunjungi dokter jika terdapat gejala yang mengarah ke infeksi serius seperti:

  • Nyeri, bengkak, atau kemerahan sekitar mata
  • Demam tinggi
  • Penurunan kesadaran atau bingung
  • Penglihatan ganda atau gangguan penglihatan lainnya
  • Kaku leher

Jika terdapat gejala hilang penciuman secara tiba-tiba, maka sebaiknya dianggap COVID-19 terlebih dahulu dan dilakukan tes antigen atau PCR kemudian mengisolasi diri sendiri sampai hasil negatif.

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Jumat, 2 Agustus 2024 | 05:58

Rhinosinusitis: Synopsis | World Allergy Organization. Worldallergy.org. (2022). Retrieved 25 February 2022, from https://www.worldallergy.org/education-and-programs/education/allergic-disease-resource-center/professionals/rhinosinusitis-synopsis

Rhinosinusitis: symptoms, diagnosis and management in community pharmacy - The Pharmaceutical Journal. The Pharmaceutical Journal. (2022). Retrieved 25 February 2022, from https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/rhinosinusitis-symptoms-diagnosis-and-management-in-community-pharmacy

Acute sinusitis - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. (2022). Retrieved 25 February 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351671

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      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new14.38msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 121 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 121
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.22msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new119msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 14:44:44' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 14:44:44
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new9.54msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 897 where `id` = 2823
      Bindings
      • 0: 897
      • 1: 2823
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new18.29msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2823, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 14:44:44', '2025-04-06 14:44:44')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2823
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 14:44:44
      • 8: 2025-04-06 14:44:44
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new700μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 31 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.69msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5007 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5007
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.69msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3939 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3939
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6298 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6298
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10037 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10037
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8501 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8501
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8330 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8330
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.23msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6115 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6115
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new12.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2950 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2950
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2942 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2942
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3024 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3024
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4792 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4792
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2972 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2972
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new690μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new580μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.1msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    77Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    23Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    5Tag.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        SbCkjOAsFs6WOyyVZIMuMs1zHnbuIX54qFWqxmdB
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/rhinosinusitis" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/rhinosinusitis
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "SbCkjOAsFs6WOyyVZIMuMs1zHnbuIX54qFWqxmdB" "laravel_session" => "Ilbxh9tM4txiTKKNfGLE2g79bBTvSBVbeYxpjKhf" ]
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