Pneumonia COVID-19

Pneumonia COVID-19
Pneumonia COVID-19 adalah pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 yang ditemukan pertama kali pada tahun 2019.

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Definisi

Menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), COVID-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh jenis coronavirus yang baru ditemukan, yaitu SARS-CoV-2. Sebelum wabah yang dimulai di Wuhan, Tiongkok, pada bulan Desember 2019, virus ini beserta penyakit yang ditimbulkannya tidak dikenal oleh komunitas medis maupun masyarakat umum. COVID-19 dengan cepat menyebar dari Wuhan ke seluruh Tiongkok dan kemudian ke berbagai negara di seluruh dunia, menyebabkan krisis kesehatan global yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya.

Pneumonia COVID-19 adalah pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 yang ditemukan pertama kali pada tahun 2019, dan saat ini sudah ditetapkan WHO sebagai pandemi. Nama COVID-19 sendiri merupakan singkatan dari coronavirus disease 2019. 

Pneumonia adalah infeksi paru yang menyebabkan peradangan pada kantung udara kecil (alveolus) pada paru. Kantung udara tersebut dapat terisi oleh cairan dan nanah dalam jumlah banyak sehingga penderita jadi kesulitan bernapas, pada beberapa kasus yang berat sampai membutuhkan terapi oksigen atau alat bantu napas (ventilator). Infeksi tersebut bisa disebabkan oleh mikroba seperti bakteri, virus, atau jamur.

Sebanyak 15% kasus COVID-19 merupakan kasus yang berat. Hal ini berarti kasus tersebut membutuhkan terapi dengan oksigen di rumah sakit. Sekitar 5% dari kasus merupakan kasus kritis dan membutuhkan ventilator. Pneumonia COVID-19 sering menyerang tidak hanya pada satu paru, melainkan kedua paru manusia, sehingga membatasi kemampuan pasien dalam mengambil oksigen.

Sebagian besar orang yang terinfeksi virus ini akan mengalami gangguan pernapasan dalam derajat ringan sampai sedang. Namun, pada kelompok dengan risiko tinggi, penyakit dapat berkembang menjadi berat dan membahayakan nyawa. Pneumonia COVID-19 juga dikaitkan dengan adanya cedera pada paru yang dapat membuat pasien kesulitan bernapas, bahkan setelah sembuh, dan memerlukan waktu berbulan-bulan bagi kondisinya untuk membaik.

 

Penyebab

Pneumonia COVID-19 disebabkan oleh infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2. Virus ini memiliki beberapa varian, yaitu varian Alpha, Beta, Delta, dan varian baru Omicron. Varian Delta memiliki risiko penularan yang tinggi dan dapat menyebabkan penurunan pada kemampuan vaksin dalam melawan virus tersebut.

Sementara itu, pada varian Omicron ditemukan banyak mutasi pada materi genetiknya, sehingga varian ini dapat menular lebih cepat dari varian lainnya. Varian Omicron diteliti juga lebih lambat menggandakan dirinya di sel paru dibandingkan dengan varian Delta, sehingga tingkat keparahan COVID-19 akibat varian Omicron terlihat lebih ringan dibandingkan varian Delta. Namun begitu, perlu dicatat bahwa keparahan gejala penyakit tidak hanya ditentukan dari kecepatan virus dalam memperbanyak dirinya, namun ada faktor-faktor lain yang terlibat, seperti respon kekebalan tubuh pasien.

Virus menyebar dari droplet atau partikel cairan kecil yang keluar dari mulut/hidung orang yang terinfeksi saat mereka batuk, berbicara, bersin, bernyanyi, atau bernapas. Pneumonia COVID-19 menyebabkan peradangan pada paru. Pada kasus yang berat, dapat terjadi kerusakan sel dan jaringan yang meliputi kantung udara pada paru. Kantung ini merupakan tempat pertukaran oksigen, dimana oksigen yang dihirup akan mencapai kantung lalu disalurkan ke darah. Kerusakan akan menyebabkan penumpukan debris dan cairan yang akan menyumbat paru. Dinding kantung juga dapat menebal sehingga membuat pertukaran oksigen lebih sulit dan akhirnya terjadi kesulitan bernapas. Kondisi ini dapat menjadi sangat berat sampai mengancam nyawa.

 

Faktor Risiko

Semua orang dapat terinfeksi virus SARS-CoV-2, namun pada kasus infeksi yang berkembang menjadi pneumonia COVID-19, lebih sering ditemukan pada orang yang berusia 65 tahun atau lebih. Risiko paling tinggi terdapat pada lansia dengan umur 85 tahun ke atas. Selain itu, orang-orang yang tinggal di panti atau memiliki masalah kesehatan tertentu juga berisiko tinggi mengalami pneumonia COVID-19. Masalah kesehatan yang dapat meningkatkan risiko tersebut antara lain:

  • Penyakit paru
  • Tekanan darah tinggi
  • Penyakit jantung
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Penyakit hati
  • Gagal ginjal
  • Obesitas berat atau indeks massa tubuh (IMT) > 35
  • Kanker

Orang dengan penurunan sistem kekebalan tubuh juga lebih rentan mengalami penyakit COVID-19 dengan gejala berat. Hal-hal yang dapat menurunkan sistem kekebalan tubuh adalah:

  • Merokok
  • Sedang mendapatkan terapi untuk kanker
  • Riwayat transplantasi organ
  • HIV/AIDS yang tidak terkontrol
  • Obat-obatan penekan sistem kekebalan, seperti golongan kortikosteroid

 

Gejala

Gejala COVID-19 yang paling sering ditemukan dan sering merupakan gejala awal adalah demam, batuk kering, dan sulit bernapas atau napas pendek. Gejala lainnya yang dapat timbul adalah:

  • Kelelahan
  • Keringat dingin
  • Mual atau muntah
  • Diare
  • Nyeri perut
  • Nyeri otot atau sendi
  • Berkurang atau hilangnya indera penciuman atau perasa
  • Sakit tenggorokan
  • Hidung tersumbat
  • Gemetar
  • Mata merah
  • Ruam kulit

Jika infeksi COVID-19 sudah mencapai paru-paru dan menyebabkan pneumonia, maka gejala yang dapat timbul antara lain:

  • Ditemukan tanda klinis seperti demam, batuk, sesak, dan napas cepat
  • Detak jantung cepat
  • Pusing
  • Keringat berlebihan
  • Pada gejala berat:
    • Bisa terlihat usaha bernapas yang hebat
    • Dada terasa nyeri atau tertekan
    • Kebingungan atau kesadaran mulai menurun
    • Kulit, bibir, atau kuku mulai terlihat kebiruan
    • Saturasi oksigen (kadar oksigen di dalam darah) di bawah 93% dengan udara ruangan (tanpa bantuan alat napas)

 

Diagnosa

Dokter dapat mendiagnosa pneumonia COVID-19 berdasarkan gejala yang ada dan tampak secara klinis, melalui pemeriksaan fisik yang dilakukan, serta dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, yaitu pemeriksaan antigen atau pemeriksaan polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Pemeriksaan darah juga dapat menunjukkan adanya tanda infeksi, seperti peningkatan sel darah putih dan protein C reaktif yang merupakan penanda adanya peradangan di dalam tubuh. Selain itu, kadar oksigen dalam darah juga bisa rendah pada pneumonia.

Pemeriksaan pencitraan seperti rontgen dan CT scan pada area dada juga dapat dilakukan. Biasanya paru-paru akan terlihat sedikit "kotor". Di area paru yang seharusnya terlihat hitam karena terisi udara saja, terdapat warna putih di paru pada hasil foto. Adanya perselubungan, atau area yang kotor tersebut di hasil pemeriksaan, biasanya menunjukkan adanya proses kerusakan pada paru. 

 

Tata Laksana

Pemberian terapi pada pasien COVID-19 tergantung dari derajat keparahan gejala, usia, serta adanya penyakit penyerta atau komorbid pada pasien.

Pada gejala ringan atau tanpa gejala, biasanya pasien akan diresepkan multivitamin serta obat-obatan untuk meredakan gejala yang dirasakannya, seperti obat batuk, pilek, dan penurun panas. Saat ini mulai dari gejala ringan pasien bisa mendapatkan antivirus. Namun pemberian antivirus masih disesuaikan dengan ketersediaan obat di fasilitas kesehatan masing-masing. 

Sementara itu mulai dari gejala sedang sampai berat, pasien akan memerlukan pemantauan di rumah sakit yang memiliki fasilitas ruang perawatan COVID-19. Sesuai dengan tingkat keparahan gejalanya dan berdasarkan kebijakan dokter, bisa diberikan obat antivirus dan obat yang mencegah penggumpalan darah, yang diberikan melalui infus atau jalur pembuluh darah. Terapi oksigen juga diberikan bila saturasi oksigen pasien dengan udara bebas dan tanpa bantuan alat napas kurang dari 93%. Penyakit penyerta atau komorbid lainnya yang ada pada pasien juga diobati.

Pada awal pandemi, plasma konvalesen, plasma yang mengandung antibodi yang didapatkan dari penyintas COVID-19, digunakan untuk terapi COVID-19. Namun, sekarang penggunaannya tidak direkomendasikan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) karena tidak ada bukti yang mendukung bahwa pemakaiannya dapat mengurangi risiko kematian atau kebutuhan ventilator.

Saat masa penyembuhan dari pneumonia COVID-19, pertama-tama tubuh harus memperbaiki kerusakan yang terjadi pada paru, kemudian membersihkan cairan dan debris yang tersisa. Terakhir adalah pembentukan scarring sampai jaringan paru sembuh sempurna. Semua proses ini menyebabkan gejala yang tidak nyaman.

Penyembuhan setiap orang berbeda-beda, tergantung pada:

  • Kesehatan dan kekebalan tubuhnya secara umum
  • Adanya kondisi medis lain yang menyertai
  • Beratnya derajat penyakit

 

Komplikasi

Pneumonia dapat menyebabkan kondisi distres pernapasan akut. Kondisi ini merupakan penyakit yang datang dengan cepat dan menyebabkan masalah pernapasan yang berat, yang dapat berujung pada gagal napas.

Selain itu, seperti infeksi pernapasan lain yang menyebabkan pneumonia, COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan kerusakan paru jangka pendek. Pada kasus yang berat, kerusakan dapat berlangsung jangka panjang. Terdapat data yang menunjukan bahwa sepertiga dari penderita pneumonia COVID-19 memiliki scarring atau bekas kerusakan paru pada rontgen dada atau pemeriksaan paru lainnya satu tahun setelah terinfeksi.

 

Pencegahan

Jika Anda berada di sekitar penderita COVID-19, lakukanlah hal berikut ini untuk mencegah infeksi:

  • Rutin mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun minimal 20 detik
  • Jika tidak bisa mencuci tangan, gunakan hand sanitizer dengan kandungan alkohol minimal 60%. Gosok ke seluruh permukaan tangan sampai kering
  • Hindari menyentuh wajah terutama mulut, hidung, dan mata terutama jika belum mencuci tangan
  • Jangan berdekatan atau hindari kontak fisik dengan orang yang sedang sakit
  • Gunakan masker wajah jika Anda keluar dari rumah. Menurut CDC, masker respirator seperti N95 dan KN95 memberikan perlindungan yang lebih tinggi daripada masker biasa lainnya
  • Membersihkan dan mendisinfeksi permukaan benda yang sering disentuh secara teratur, misalnya ponsel
  • Mendapatkan vaksin COVID-19 dengan dosis lengkap beserta boosternya

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Jika Anda mengalami gejala pneumonia COVID-19, sebaiknya segera konsultasi ke dokter atau fasilitas kesehatan untuk mendapatkan terapi yang tepat, sehingga dapat mengurangi keparahan gejala dan meminimalisir kerusakan paru.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

freepik.com

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 29 Juli 2024 | 09:50

(COVID-19), C., Health, E., Disease, H., Disease, L., Management, P., & Conditions, S. et al. (2022). Coronavirus and Pneumonia. WebMD. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/lung/covid-and-pneumonia#3.

COVID Pneumonia: How Long Does Recovery Take?. Houstonmethodist.org. (2022). Retrieved 15 February 2022, from https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2021/jul/covid-pneumonia-how-long-does-recovery-take/.

COVID-19 Lung Damage. Hopkinsmedicine.org. (2022). Retrieved 15 February 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/what-coronavirus-does-to-the-lungs.

Burhan, E., et. al. (2022). Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19 Edisi 4. Retrieved 25 February 2022, from https://covid19.go.id/storage/app/media/Protokol/2022/Februari/Buku%20Tatalaksana%20COVID-19%205%20OP%20Edisi%204%20Jan%202022.pdf.

WHO. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Retrieved 25 February 2022, from https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#

CDC. (2021). About COVID-19. Retrieved 25 February 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19.html

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new28.47msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 129 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 129
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new15.83msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 493 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 493
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new17.44msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 2043 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2043
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new22.53msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 3835 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3835
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.08msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new127msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 22:08:12' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 22:08:12
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new7.36msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 771 where `id` = 2706
      Bindings
      • 0: 771
      • 1: 2706
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new4.44msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2706, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 22:08:12', '2025-04-06 22:08:12')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2706
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 22:08:12
      • 8: 2025-04-06 22:08:12
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.3msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 31 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3038 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3038
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new21.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6441 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6441
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7665 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7665
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9775 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9775
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8041 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8041
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1003 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1003
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6095 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6095
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2831 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2831
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4927 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4927
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5003 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5003
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3739 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3739
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2828 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2828
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.13msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new890μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.1msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    370Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    23Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        CttoWhimquY48tFeTvP8lXL1Mr9WbDApwEb7ys4r
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/pneumonia-covid-19" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/pneumonia-covid-19
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
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