Pemfigus Vulgaris

Pemfigus Vulgaris
Gambaran lepuh pada paha seseorang yang mengalami Penfigus Vulgaris.

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Definisi

Pemfigus vulgaris adalah penyakit autoimun langka yang memiliki gejala lepuhan yang nyeri dan luka pada kulit atau selaput lendir, seringnya pada mulut. Pemfigus vulgaris merupakan salah satu dari beberapa tipe pemfigus dan merupakan yang paling sering ditemukan. Sekitar 70% dari seluruh kasus pemfigus di seluruh dunia merupakan pemfigus vulgaris. 

Dua subtipe utama pemfigus lainnya adalah pemfigus foliasea dan pemfigus paraneolplastik. Pemfigus merupakan kondisi yang cenderung menetap dalam jangka waktu lama dan beberapa tipenya dapat bersifat mengancam nyawa jika tidak mendapatkan terapi untuk mengontrolnya.

 

Penyebab

Pemfigus merupakan salah satu penyakit autoimun. Normalnya, sistem imun memproduksi antibodi untuk melawan mikroorganisme yang menyebabkan penyakit, seperti virus dan bakteri. Namun pada pemfigus, tubuh memproduksi antibodi yang malah menyerang sel pada kulit dan selaput lendir.

Pemfigus tidak menular. Pada kebanyakan kasus, pencetus penyakit ini tidak diketahui. Meskipun jarang, pemfigus dapat dicetuskan oleh penggunaan obat-obat golongan penghambat enzim angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-receptor blockers, sefalosporin, penisilamin, dan obat lain.

Pemfigus juga terkadang dapat dicetuskan oleh infeksi atau cedera terutama pada kulit dan selaput lendir.

 

Faktor Risiko

Pemfigus vulgaris dapat terjadi pada usia berapapun, namun paling sering dijumpai pada orang berusia 30 sampai 60 tahun. Kondisi ini lebih sering ditemukan pada orang keturunan Timur Tengah, India, atau Yahudi dibandingkan dengan ras lain. Hal ini diasumsikan karena adanya faktor genetik. 

 

Gejala

Kebanyakan orang dengan pemfigus vulgaris mengalami gejala awal berupa munculnya lepuhan pada selaput lendir misalnya pada mulut dan alat kelamin. Lepuhan biasanya muncul di kulit setelah beberapa minggu atau bulan. Namun pada beberapa kasus, gangguan pada selaput lendir dapat merupakan satu-satunya gejala.

Pada kulit, lepuhan tampak berdinding tipis, berisi cairan jernih dan mudah pecah meninggalkan luka terbuka yang gatal dan nyeri. Luka tersebut dapat mengeluarkan cairan dan terinfeksi. Lepuhan paling sering muncul pada dada bagian atas, punggung, kulit kepala, dan wajah.

Pemfigus mulut terjadi pada 50-70% orang dengan pemfigus vulgaris. Gejalanya adalah:

  • Lepuhan dan luka yang tersebar pada rongga mulut
  • Sariawan yang nyeri dan lama sembuh
  • Penyebaran ke tenggorokan menyebabkan kesulitan menelan dan suara serak

Selain itu, keterlibatan selaput lendir hidung menyebabkan hidung tersumbat dan perdarahan. Selaput bola mata, kerongkongan, bibir, vagina, mulut rahim, penis, dan anus juga dapat terkena pemfigus.

 

Diagnosa

Banyak kondisi atau penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan munculnya lepuhan. Oleh karena itu, pemfigus yang termasuk penyakit yang jarang, dapat sulit untuk terdiagnosa. Biasanya dokter spesialis kulit yang akan mendiagnosa penyakit ini. Dokter akan menanyakan riwayat kesehatan Anda dan melakukan pemeriksaan terutama pada kulit dan selaput lendir. Selain itu, dapat juga dilakukan pemeriksaan seperti:

  • Biopsi kulit. Pada pemeriksaan ini akan diambil sampel jaringan dekat lepuhan kemudian diperiksa dibawah mikroskop. Diagnosa pemfigus vulgaris umumnya membutuhkan pemeriksaan biopsi.
  • Pemeriksaan darah. Tujuan pemeriksaan ini adalah untuk mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi antibodi dalam darah yang biasanya ada pada penyakit pemfigus, yaitu antibodi anti-dsg1 dan anti-dsg3. Kadar antibodi berubah-ubah dan dapat menggambarkan keefektivan terapi.
  • Pada penderita pemfigus vulgaris, dokter mungkin akan melakukan pemeriksaan endoskopi untuk memeriksa luka pada tenggorokan. Prosedur ini dilakukan dengan memasukan selang fleksibel ke dalam tenggorokan

 

Tata Laksana

Tujuan utama pengobatan dan terapi pemfigus vulgaris adalah untuk menurunkan pembentukan lepuhan, mencegah infeksi, dan membantu penyembuhan lepuhan dan luka yang terbentuk. Pengobatan biasanya dimulai dengan menggunakan obat-obatan untuk menekan pembentukan lepuhan. Terapi lebih efektif jika dimulai sedini mungkin. Jika pemfigus dicetuskan oleh penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu, maka penghentian obat saja dapat cukup untuk menghilangkan gejala pemfigus.

Beberapa obat untuk pemfigus vulgaris dapat diberikan sebagai obat tunggal atau kombinasi, bergantung dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit dan adanya kondisi medis lainnya. Pilihan obat tersebut adalah:

  • Kortikosteroid. Obat ini adalah terapi medis andalan untuk mengontrol pemfigus, biasanya menggunakan prednison atau prednisolon dosis sedang sampai tinggi, atau suntikan metilprednisolon. Semenjak pemakaian kortikosteroid pada pemfigus, kematian dapat dicegah (angka kematian turun dari 99% menjadi 5-15%). Meskipun bukan obat untuk menyembuhkan, namun kortikosteroid memperbaiki kualitas hidup penderitanya dengan menekan aktivitas penyakit. Pemakaian kortikosteroid dalam jangka waktu panjang atau dengan dosis yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan efek samping yang serius, seperti diabetes mellitus, pengeroposan tulang, peningkatan risiko infeksi, luka pada lambung, dan perubahan deposit lemak yang menyebabkan bentuk wajah menjadi bengkak (moon face)
  • Obat penekan imun lainnya yang tidak mengandung steroid. Obat ini dipakai untuk mengurangi dosis steroid dan dapat diperlukan sampai beberapa tahun. Contoh obat ini adalah azatioprin, mikofenolat mofetil, siklofosfamid, rituximab, dan antibodi monoklonal. Obat tersebut dapat membantu untuk mencegah sistem imun menyerang jaringan sehat. Namun, pemakaiannya juga dapat memiliki efek samping yang serius seperti peningkatan risiko infeksi. Rituximab sekarang sudah disetujui sebagai terapi primer untuk pemfigus vulgaris oleh Food and Drug Administration (FDA) di Amerika Serikat.

Terdapat beberapa obat lain yang terkadang digunakan pada pemfigus, seringnya dalam bentuk kombinasi. Obat tersebut meliputi dapson, metotreksat, tetrasiklin, nikotinamid, plasmafaresis, immunoglobulin intravena, fotoferesis ekstrakorporeal, immunoadsorpsi, infliximab.

Selain obat-obatan, terdapat krim yang dapat digunakan pada kulit dengan pemfigus, yang mengandung steroid dan pelembap. Sementara itu, untuk pemfigus pada selaput lendir dapat digunakan formulasi yang menggunakan krim steroid, penyuntikan steroid pada daerah yang sakit, krim takrolimus, atau krim siklosporin. Pada gejala ringan, krim berisi kortikosteroid dapat cukup untuk mengontrol penyakit.

Banyak penderita pemfigus mengalami perbaikan dengan terapi, meskipun dapat membutuhkan beberapa tahun. Sementara itu, sebagian orang membutuhkan obat seumur hidup untuk mencegah kambuhnya gejala. Ada beberapa orang yang sampai membutuhkan perawatan di rumah sakit, misalnya pada luka yang terinfeksi atau luka yang berat. Meskipun sudah dilakukan terapi maksimal, penderita pemfigus dapat terus mengalami pemfigus yang ringan.

 

Komplikasi

Pemfigus vulgaris dapat menyebabkan luka yang sangat luas dan mengancam nyawa, terutama jika terlambat terdiagnosis. Komplikasi lain yang mungkin timbul meliputi:

  • Infeksi bakteri, jamur (terutama kandida), dan virus (terutama herpes simpleks) pada kulit
  • Infeksi yang menyebar ke aliran darah (sepsis)
  • Gangguan nutrisi akibat luka pada mulut yang menyebabkan sulit makan
  • Efek samping dari pengobatan pemfigus seperti tekanan darah tinggi, infeksi, dan pengeroposan tulang
  • Efek psikologis akibat penyakit kulit yang berat dan terapinya (cemas dan depresi)

 

Pencegahan

Tidak ada cara spesifik yang diketahui dapat mencegah pemfigus vulgaris. Namun, terdapat cara untuk mencegah timbulnya lepuhan yaitu dengan:

  • Mengurangi aktivitas yang dapat melukai kulit dan selaput lendir saat penyakit sedang aktif. Aktivitas tersebut misalnya olahraga yang dapat melukai kulit, makan atau minum yang dapat mengiritasi atau merusak mulut (makanan pedas, asam, dan keras)
  • Saat menggosok gigi, gunakan sikat gigi yang lembut dan bebas mint dan bersihkan gigi dengan lembut. Kumur dengan pencuci mulut antiseptik atau anti-peradangan.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Anda sebaiknya berkonsultasi ke dokter jika memiliki lepuhan di dalam mulut atau pada kulit yang tidak kunjung sembuh.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Selasa, 17 Mei 2022 | 02:04

Pemphigus - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2022). Retrieved 6 May 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pemphigus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350409.

Pemphigus vulgaris | DermNet NZ. Dermnetnz.org. (2022). Retrieved 6 May 2022, from https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pemphigus-vulgaris.

Pemphigus Vulgaris: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. Emedicine.medscape.com. (2022). Retrieved 6 May 2022, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1064187-overview.

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      • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new7.25msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 521 where `id` = 3506
        Bindings
        • 0: 521
        • 1: 3506
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new5.94msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 3506, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 22:08:12', '2025-04-06 22:08:12')
        Bindings
        • 0: default
        • 1: []
        • 2: 
        • 3: updated
        • 4: 3506
        • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
        • 6: updated
        • 7: 2025-04-06 22:08:12
        • 8: 2025-04-06 22:08:12
        Backtrace
        • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
        • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.13msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 942 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 942
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new990μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 3 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5291 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5291
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.92msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1192 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 1192
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8068 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 8068
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6360 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6360
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4912 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 4912
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6491 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6491
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3685 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3685
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3090 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3090
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1995 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 1995
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3484 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3484
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5094 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5094
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new810μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: about-us
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new750μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new850μsselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Post
      35Post.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Category
      29Category.php#?
      App\User
      3User.php#?
      App\Models\TermPolicy
      3TermPolicy.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Tag
      2Tag.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Page
      1Page.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Faq
      1Faq.php#?
          locale
          id
          _token
          CttoWhimquY48tFeTvP8lXL1Mr9WbDApwEb7ys4r
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/pemphigus-vulgaris" ]
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          path_info
          /healthpedia-penyakit/pemphigus-vulgaris
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
          request_headers
          0 of 0
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          request_cookies
          0 of 0
          array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "CttoWhimquY48tFeTvP8lXL1Mr9WbDApwEb7ys4r" "laravel_session" => "cnHz86FsDThJhXAXQrhpib7aBBcrf1kJJpiS3ETV" ]
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