Otosklerosis

Otosklerosis

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Definisi

Pada telinga tengah, yaitu area di belakang gendang telinga, terdapat tiga tulang pendengaran yang dapat bergetar untuk menghantarkan suara dari telinga luar ke telinga dalam. Telinga dalam akan meneruskan gelombang suara ke otak untuk diubah menjadi sinyal suara sehingga kita dapat mendengar.

Otosklerosis adalah kondisi langka yang menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran. Otosklerosis berasal dari kata “oto” yang berarti telinga dan “sklerosis” yang berarti pengerasan abnormal pada jaringan tubuh. Pada otosklerosis, salah satu tulang pendengaran yaitu tulang stapes, mengalami kekakuan dan menyatu dengan tulang di sekitarnya sehingga tidak dapat bergetar. Jika tulang pendengaran tidak bergetar, suara tidak akan dihantarkan ke telinga dalam dan pendengaran menjadi terganggu.

 

Penyebab

Otosklerosis terjadi karena salah satu tulang di telinga tengah, yaitu tulang stapes, mengalami kekakuan pada bagian kakinya sehingga tulang tidak dapat bergetar untuk menghantarkan suara. Gangguan ini terjadi ketika ada jaringan tidak normal yang tumbuh di sekitar tulang stapes. Kondisi ini juga terjadi karena adanya kelainan proses peremajaan (remodelling) tulang stapes. Remodelling tulang adalah proses yang terus terjadi semasa hidup, yaitu jaringan tulang lama akan diganti oleh jaringan tulang baru. 

Penyebab dari gangguan tulang pendengaran tersebut masih belum diketahui dengan pasti. Namun, para ilmuwan memperkirakan adanya keterkaitan dengan riwayat infeksi campak, patah tulang di sekitar telinga dalam, atau gangguan kekebalan tubuh.

Otosklerosis cenderung diturunkan dalam keluarga. Penyakit ini juga diperkirakan berkaitan dengan ketidakseimbangan sitokin, yaitu protein pada sistem kekebalan tubuh. Para peneliti percaya bahwa keseimbangan protein kecil sitokin dalam tubuh diperlukan untuk peremajaan tulang yang sehat. Sehingga, jika terjadi ketidakseimbangan pada protein tersebut, dapat menyebabkan gangguan peremajaan tulang seperti yang terjadi pada otosklerosis.

 

Faktor Risiko

Otosklerosis terjadi pada lebih dari 3 juta orang di Amerika. Para ahli belum mengetahui dengan pasti penyebab dari otosklerosis. Namun, beberapa faktor berikut terbukti dapat meningkatkan risiko otosklerosis, yaitu:

1. Usia 

Penyakit ini biasanya dimulai pada usia muda antara 10 hingga 45 tahun, dengan kasus terbanyak terjadi pada usia 20-an. Gejala paling berat biasanya ditemukan di usia 30-an.

2. Faktor Genetik

Penyakit ini sering diturunkan dalam keluarga. Sekitar 50% orang dengan otosklerosis memiliki gen yang terkait dengan kondisi tersebut. Namun, meskipun Anda memiliki gen terkait otosklerosis, Anda belum tentu pasti akan mengalaminya.

3. Jenis Kelamin

Baik pria maupun wanita dapat mengalami otosklerosis. Namun, wanita memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi. Belum diketahui mengapa wanita lebih rentan terkena otosklerosis.

4. Kehamilan 

Jika wanita yang sedang hamil terkena otosklerosis, ia cenderung lebih cepat mengalami kehilangan pendengaran dibandingkan wanita yang tidak sedang hamil.

5. Ras dan Etnis

Ras Kaukasia memiliki risiko yang lebih besar, yaitu sekitar 10%. Sementara, penyakit ini jarang ditemukan pada orang Afrika-Amerika.

6. Riwayat kesehatan 

Masalah medis tertentu dapat meningkatkan risiko otosklerosis. Misalnya, riwayat infeksi, patah tulang di sekitar telinga bagian dalam, serta gangguan kekebalan tubuh di mana sistem kekebalan keliru menyerang tubuh sendiri.

 

Gejala

Gejala utama otosklerosis adalah gangguan pendengaran yang memberat secara perlahan. Pada awalnya, gejala mungkin berupa ketidakmampuan mendengar suara bernada rendah atau suara orang berbisik. Lalu, gejala cenderung memburuk seiring waktu. Umumnya orang dengan otosklerosis memiliki gangguan pendengaran di kedua telinga, yaitu sekitar 70% kasus. Sekitar 10% hingga 15% lainnya mengalami gangguan pendengaran hanya pada satu telinga.

Gejala lain yang dapat muncul di antaranya:

  • Pusing
  • Vertigo
  • Masalah keseimbangan
  • Tinnitus atau bunyi dering atau desis pada telinga, biasanya akan hilang setelah tindakan operasi

Otosklerosis juga sering berkaitan dengan penyakit osteogenesis imperfecta (kelainan bawaan dimana tulang mudah patah) yang memiliki gejala tuli, patah tulang spontan, dan selaput putih mata (sklera) berwarna biru.

 

Diagnosis

Jika Anda mengalami penurunan pendengaran, konsultasi dengan dokter spesialis THT (telinga, hidung, dan tenggorokan). Dokter akan memeriksa telinga Anda secara langsung, menguji kemampuan dengar Anda, dan menanyakan keluhan serta riwayat kesehatan Anda dan keluarga. Dokter dapat melakukan pemeriksaan audiometri sebagai untuk menilai bila Anda mengalami gangguan pendengaran.

Pada beberapa kasus, dokter akan merekomendasikan CT scan untuk menunjang penegakan diagnosis dengan mengambil gambar bagian dalam telinga dan sekitarnya. Gambar diambil dari beberapa sudut berbeda dan disatukan untuk membuat gambar yang lebih detail.

 

Tata Laksana

Otosklerosis umumnya dapat memburuk seiring waktu. Dokter akan merekomendasikan Anda terapi atau langkah yang tepat sesuai dengan kondisi Anda saat itu. 

 

1. Pemantauan

Jika otosklerosis ringan, umumnya dokter belum melakukan tindakan khusus, melainkan hanya memantau gejala dan memeriksa pendengaran secara rutin. Dokter juga dapat merekomendasikan Anda untuk menggunakan alat bantu dengar.

2. Perangkat

Alat bantu dengar tidak dapat menyembuhkan otosklerosis, namun dapat memperbaiki gangguan pendengaran yang Anda alami karena otosklerosis.

3. Pembedahan

Jika gangguan pendengaran Anda tergolong berat atau memburuk, dokter akan merekomendasikan operasi yang disebut stapedektomi. Pada prosedur ini, dokter bedah akan memasang alat di telinga tengah untuk menggerakkan tulang stapes yang terjepit dan kaku. Dengan begitu, gelombang suara dapat dihantarkan ke telinga dalam dan Anda dapat mendengar dengan lebih baik.

Stapedektomi dapat membantu beberapa orang. Operasi ini tergolong aman dan telah berhasil mengobati kehilangan pendengaran pada sekitar 94,2% pasien. Namun, seperti operasi pada umumnya, stapedektomi tetap memiliki efek samping. Pada kasus yang jarang terjadi, tindakan ini dapat memperburuk gangguan pendengaran. 

 

Jika Anda memiliki otosklerosis di kedua telinga, dokter bedah akan mengoperasi satu telinga terlebih dahulu dan menunggu setidaknya 6 bulan kemudian untuk mengoperasi telinga lainnya.

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi otosklerosis antara lain adalah kehilangan pendengaran. Sementara komplikasi pasca operasi termasuk jarang terjadi. Komplikasi pasca operasi yang pernah ditemukan antara lain:

  • Tuli total
  • Nekrosis (kematian jaringan) tulang pendengaran inkus 
  • Muncul lubang pada gendang telinga
  • Cedera saraf wajah
  • Gangguan pengecapan
  • Terlepasnya kaki tulang stapes dari tempat penempelan tulang
  • Vertigo atau pusing berputar

Kegagalan operasi biasanya disebabkan oleh kesalahan posisi meletakan alat di telinga dalam atau ukuran alat yang tidak sesuai.

 

Pencegahan

Belum ditemukan cara pasti untuk mencegah otosklerosis. Sehingga, deteksi dini sangat penting untuk memberikan penanganan yang tepat dan mencegah gangguan pendengaran.

Tidak seperti gangguan pendengaran lainnya, tidak ada faktor risiko yang dapat dicegah pada otosklerosis. Beberapa orang dapat memiliki faktor genetik yang diturunkan dari orang tuanya dan mereka berisiko mengalami otosklerosis. Akibatnya, belum ditemukan cara untuk mencegah berkembangnya otosklerosis.

Berikut beberapa hal yang harus Anda lakukan setelah menjalani operasi otosklerosis agar melindungi telinga dalam Anda dari infeksi, tekanan, dan kebisingan sehingga mengurangi risiko komplikasi.

  • Hindari menghembuskan nafas dengan tekanan atau paksaan
  • Hindari suhu dingin
  • Kurangi risiko infeksi saluran pernapasan atas melalui jaga jarak dengan orang sakit
  • Hindari perubahan tekanan udara, seperti pada perjalanan udara atau menyelam
  • Hindari suara keras
  • Segera konsultasi ke dokter jika mengalami sakit telinga, pusing atau demam, karena menandakan adanya infeksi

 

Kapan harus ke dokter? 

Konsultasi dengan dokter jika Anda memiliki faktor risiko otosklerosis atau mengalami:

  • Gangguan pendengaran
  • Demam
  • Sakit telinga
  • Pusing
  • Gejala lain setelah operasi untuk menangani otosklerosis

 

Mau tahu lebih lanjut seputar penyakit-penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya! 

 

 

Writer : dr Aprilia Dwi Iriani
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 25 Juni 2024 | 05:29

Pagan, CN. (2020). Otosclerosis. Retrieved 8 March 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/otosclerosis-facts 

Otosclerosis. (2018). Retrieved 8 March 2022, from https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/otosclerosis 

Shohet, JA. (2021). Retrieved 8 March 2022, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/859760-overview 

Otosclerosis. (2019). Retrieved 8 March 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/otosclerosis/ 

Shargorodsky, J. (2020). Retrieved 8 March 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001036.htm# 

Batson, L., Rizzolo, D. (2017). Otosclerosis, an update on diagnosis and treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistant. February 2017, Vol. 30, p 17-22. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000511784.21936.1b

 

Otosclerosis. (2021). Retrieved 8 March 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22033-otosclerosis# 

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    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new13.38msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 4029 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4029
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.32msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new119msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 06:06:40' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 06:06:40
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new6.47msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 836 where `id` = 3026
      Bindings
      • 0: 836
      • 1: 3026
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new7.47msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 3026, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 06:06:40', '2025-04-06 06:06:40')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 3026
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 06:06:40
      • 8: 2025-04-06 06:06:40
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new720μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 27 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 27
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9211 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9211
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9797 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9797
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8655 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8655
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 336 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 336
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new700μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7592 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7592
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8459 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8459
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3835 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3835
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2998 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2998
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2974 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2974
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2995 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2995
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2977 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2977
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2999 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2999
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new870μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new750μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new900μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    59Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        OxI3fAbUTAPQdcEiP55MBS6KFXV0nTwUYnihEFiv
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/otosklerosis" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/otosklerosis
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:20 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkM1enE2VTg1dEU3ZmJYRmtlcFZwR0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaXdXeEl0V1JUY0Q4VURPOGxlWlMwaTBycktONGgzRGJPSFVBekQ0NzNSd01CY0YzOGtMbGFKSUlvMFN4VFFmMktZK0NYc1grTXJSM1pyVzh4bnY1SWR4M3VNVnRpYkZua1V1UXJqUTVRWE0xaGJ6OUZua25Tdm1zanFDZytpOW8iLCJtYWMiOiJlYjE1ZTVkMGVmNWM2NDk5Yzc2MmRhZTU3NzZhOTUyYTRkZDNhYTg0YTBjYjY4NTEyZjFjNDFkNzdkNmE3YWFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; laravel_session=eyJpdiI6IlJtQU9VdThBVTVQdkU4OXdjVHk3a0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWUNvOHhRK0lXaldxZURRZTJkYi9zWXJpc0NXTTlaVmF0eStVTHBiN0dmMTI5aU5LKzFVOUVFZlZVN3VqbnBLM1hqUzRhQ2VmZXFCQ3gvRElBZm94c0xZVTJjTm1ZYnlRdE9WYXo4d2c1RzZmWVBDeVlsMVUvNk9zdFE1V3NDWUIiLCJtYWMiOiI5OTY1NWRiN2U5MmFiM2FlYjFjY2I1YTk5MGMzNTEwMjRhY2RkNDY1NGE3MDZjMTk0MzQzZmI2Yjc4NjBmZTZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3DXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkM1enE2VTg1dEU3ZmJYRmtlcFZwR0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaXdXeEl0V1JUY0Q4VURPOGxlWlMwaTBycktONGgzRGJPSFVBekQ0NzNSd01CY0YzOGtMbGFKSUlvMFN4VFFmMktZK0NYc" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.128.188.223" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.128.188.223" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
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