Hematoma Subgaleal

Hematoma Subgaleal

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Definisi

Hematoma subgaleal yaitu adanya kumpulan darah diantara bagian yang disebut aponeurosis galeal kulit kepala dan periosteum tengkorak. Ruang potensial ini dapat meluas ke bagian orbital (dekat mata), ke oksipital (bagian belakang kepala) dan ke temporal (bagian samping kepala). Cedera pembuluh darah kepala dapat menyebabkan perdarahan ke ruang subgaleal dan dianggap sebagai penyebab pembentukan hematoma subgaleal.

Pendarahan di subgaleal adalah suatu kondisi yang jarang namun berpotensi mematikan yang ditemukan di suatu kelahiran anak. Prevalensi saat lahir perdarahan subgaleal sedang sampai berat adalah sekitar 1,5 / 10.000 kelahiran. Berdasarkan teori, sebagian besar diagnosis hematoma subgaleal terjadi karena cedera akibat vakum atau forceps pada saat melahirkan. Hematoma subgaleal sering disalahartikan dengan beberapa kondisi yang mirip dengan hematoma subgaleal yaitu caput succedaneum dan cephalohematoma.

Caput succedaneum disebabkan karena terjadinya pembengkakan pada kulit dan jaringan bawah kulit di kepala. Kondisi ini akan membaik sendiri dalam waktu 6 hari. Sedangkan, Cephalohematoma merupakan kondisi dimana terjadi perdarahan dibawah kulit kepala bayi (tepatnya diantara tulang dan lapisan periosteum tulang tengkorak) yang tidak melewati garis tengah (sutura) kepala bayi. Perdarahan ini awalnya akan teraba lunak lalu akan mengeras atau terkalsifikasi, namun dapat membaik dalam waktu kurang lebih 4 bulan.

Berbeda dengan hematoma subgaleal, caput succedaneum ataupun cephalohematoma merupakan kondisi yang tidak berbahaya dan dapat membaik dengan sendirinya. Pada beberapa kasus caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma dan hematoma subgaleal dapat terjadi secara bersamaan. Namun, perdarahan yang hebat pada ruang subgaleal kadang terjadi yang memerlukan transfusi darah dan evakuasi pembedahan segera. Pemeriksaan sonografi kepala resolusi tinggi dapat dilakukan sebagai pemeriksaan awal diikuti oleh CT scan dan MRI. Diagnosis dini dan terapi yang tepat sangat penting, karena kebanyakan kasus dengan terapi yang tepat akan mendapatkan hasil yang baik.

Penyebab

Penyebab hematoma subgaleal, 90% disebabkan oleh vakum ekstraksi ke kepala saat persalinan. Vakum tersebut dapat menyebabkan pecahnya pembuluh darah kepala (yaitu hubungan antara sinus dural dan pembuluh darah vena kulit kepala) dan terjadinya akumulasi darah di aponeurosis galeal kulit kepala dan periosteum, sedangkan 40% hematoma subgaleal disebabkan oleh cedera kepala seperti perdarahan intrakranial (di dalam kepala) atau patah tulang tengkorak.

Hematoma subgaleal terjadi karena pecahnya pembuluh darah vena yang disebut vena emisaria yaitu vena yang melewati lubang tengkorak dan mengalirkan darah dari sinus serebral ke pembuluh darah di luar tengkorak. Perdarahan subgaleal sering dikaitkan dengan perdarahan intrakranial dan atau cephalohematoma.

Faktor Risiko

Faktor risiko penyebab terjadinya hematoma subgaleal dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu :

  • Faktor ibu. Faktor ibu yang dapat menyebabkan hematoma subgaleal seperti ketuban pecah dini (KPD) > 12 jam dan ibu kelelahan saat melahirkan. 
  • Faktor bayi. Faktor bayi yang dapat menyebabkan hematoma subgaleal meliputi makrosomia (bayi besar), koagulopati neonatal (kekurangan vitamin K, kekurangan faktor VIII dan faktor IX), berat badan lahir rendah, jenis kelamin laki-laki (2 : 1 sampai 8:1), skor apgar yang rendah (< 8 pada 5 menit) dan malpresentasi janin.

Gejala

Gejala yang timbul akibat adanya hematoma subgaleal yaitu :

  • Terdapat darah dibawah aponeurosis galeal
  • Pembengkakan kulit kepala terutama di daerah oksipital dapat disertai dengan memar di kulit, pembengkakan muncul secara perlahan selama 12-72 jam setelah persalinan, atau dapat juga langsung terlihat segera setelah persalinan pada kasus yang berat
  • Periorbital ecchymosis (mata panda) mungkin meluas ke daerah periorbital (sekitar mata) dan leher
  • Kejang
  • Syok hipovolemik terjadi akibat kehilangan darah karena darah masuk ke ruangan diantara periosteum tengkorak dan aponeuresis galea.

Hematoma subgaleal dapat menyebar tanpa terlihat, karena dapat menyebar melalui calvaria dan tidak diketahui hingga beberapa jam sampai beberapa hari. Pasien dengan hematoma subgaleal juga dapat mengalami hiperbilirubinemia (kadar bilirubin meningkat) karena penyerapan darah yang terhemolisis (pecah), diikuti dengan penurunan hemoglobin dan hematokrit karena kehilangan banyak darah ke ruang subgaleal.

Diagnosis

Untuk menegakkan diagnosis hematoma subgaleal biasanya atas dasar klinis yaitu adanya benjolan lunak pada kulit kepala (terutama pada daerah oksipital). Benjolan tersebut timbul secara bertahap dalam 12-72 jam setelah proses persalinan. Meskipun demikian, pada kasus berat dapat terjadi segera setelah kelahiran. Hematoma subgaleal timbul secara perlahan dan kadang-kadang tidak dapat dikenali dalam beberapa jam. Pemeriksaan penunjang yang diperlukan untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis seperti :

  • Pemeriksaan darah lengkap dimana terdapat peningkatan jumlah bilirubin yang signifikan dan hematokrit menurun.
  • Pemeriksaan CT scan dan MRI dapat dilakukan untuk melihat lokasi dan besar ukuran hematoma subgaleal.

Tata laksana

Anak-anak yang lahir menggunakan vakum atau forceps memerlukan pemantauan yang ketat selama di unit perawatan. Pemantauan dapat dilihat melalui pengukuran lingkar kepala, penilaian tanda-tanda vital, dan penilaian tanda-tanda syok. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, pengobatan konservatif merupakan pilihan yang lebih disukai. Hematoma dapat meluas dan dapat menyebabkan anemia (kekurangan darah) progresif disertai dengan rasa mudah lelah dan sakit kepala. Dalam kasus seperti itu, pengangkatan hematoma dilakukan untuk meringankan gejala.

Pengobatan untuk hematoma subgaleal yang luas bersifat individual. Namun, pengobatan untuk hematoma subgaleal luas yang disertai patah tulang tengkorak tidak sama seperti hematoma tanpa patah tulang tengkorak. Operasi segera (cito) dianjurkan sebelum kerusakan saraf terjadi pada pasien.

Teknik bedah saraf invasif mungkin diperlukan, teknik invasif minimal ini dapat menjadi pilihan terapi hematoma subgaleal dengan angka kesakitan yang minimal. Selain itu, teknik endoskopi dapat juga digunakan untuk mengobati hematoma subgaleal, namun tetap harus dilakukan pemantauan dalam jangka waktu yang lama.

Komplikasi

Jika hematoma subgaleal tidak mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat, hal tersebut dapat menimbulkan komplikasi jangka panjang yang buruk meliputi :

  • Ensefalopati neonatus
  • Kejang
  • Kerusakan otak
  • Ensefalopati hipoksia-iskemik
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Periventricular leukomalasia
  • Gangguan perkembangan

Pencegahan

Karena sebagian besar kasus hematoma subgaleal disebabkan akibat tindakan vakum atau forceps saat proses persalinan, sehingga pencegahan dapat dilakukan selama masa kehamilan dengan cara kontrol rutin kondisi bayi dan berat badan bayi melalui USG ke dokter kandungan. Dengan kontrol rutin ke dokter kandungan, Anda dapat berkonsultasi mengenai persalinan yang dapat Anda lakukan selain tindakan vakum atau forceps.

Kapan harus ke dokter?

Disarankan untuk segera ke dokter apabila muncul benjolan pada bagian kepala anak Anda, terutama setelah proses melahirkan atau 12 hingga 72 jam setelah proses melahirkan. Penanganan dini hematoma subgaleal dapat memperbaiki kualitas hidup anak dan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi lanjutan.

Writer : dr Vega Audina
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 16:54
  1. Jones J. Subgaleal hematoma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia.org. 2021. Available from: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/subgaleal-haematoma-2
  2. Davis D. Neonatal subgaleal hemorrhage: diagnosis and management. PubMed Central (PMC). 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC81073/
  3. Alloyna D, Tala I. Chronic Subdural Hematoma and Massive Subgaleal Hematoma Following Pediatric Minor Head Trauma. Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J). 2019;1(1).
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new5.9msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2155, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 23:35:02', '2025-04-06 23:35:02')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2155
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 23:35:02
      • 8: 2025-04-06 23:35:02
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new800μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 29 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 29
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8524 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8524
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7466 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7466
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9906 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9906
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7678 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7678
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6946 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6946
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2041 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2041
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9608 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9608
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.23msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1930 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1930
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1984 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1984
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2000 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2000
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1944 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1944
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.05msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new770μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.08msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    24Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        id
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/hematoma-subgaleal" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/hematoma-subgaleal
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "SiMymI0tU0Zhtx5BULZ21lGnZHMSFPOQdfyANuhN" "laravel_session" => "8SkucPYoot8qbZf0Fium0utVToZGimKOLw8H1tOb" ]
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