Glaukoma Kronik

Glaukoma Kronik

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Definisi

Glaukoma adalah kumpulan kondisi pada mata berupa penurunan lapang pandang yang disebabkan oleh hilangnya sel-sel saraf pada mata. Glaukoma bersifat progresif atau berkembang terus-menerus, dan merupakan penyebab kebutaan yang ireversibel atau tidak dapat dikembalikan tersering di dunia. Terdapat 3 juta orang di dunia yang mengalami kebutaan akibat glaukoma, terutama glaukoma sudut terbuka primer, dan setiap tahunnya, terdapat 2 juta orang baru yang terdiagnosis glaukoma.

Penyebab

Pada bola mata bagian depan, terdapat ruangan berisi cairan yang disebut sebagai aqueous humor. Cairan ini dihasilkan oleh sebuah struktur bernama badan silier, yang menyangga lensa mata. Cairan ini transparan dan kaya akan nutrisi yang bermanfaat bagi berbagai bagian mata yang tidak dialiri oleh pembuluh darah. Selain itu, cairan ini juga berfungsi untuk menjaga agar tekanan bola mata stabil, serta mempertahankan agar bentuk bola mata tetap bulat. Cairan ini akan dikeluarkan melalui jaring-jaring yang terletak di dekat selaput pelangi, disebut sebagai trabecular meshwork. Apabila aqueous humor ini tidak dapat dikeluarkan, tekanan bola mata meningkat. Hal ini merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terbesar glaukoma.

Peningkatan tekanan bola mata ini dapat berperan dalam menyebabkan kerusakan saraf pada mata. Selain peningkatan tekanan bola mata, penyebab lainnya adalah kekurangan oksigen, zat-zat yang beracun terhadap saraf, serta ketidakmampuan sel memperbaiki dirinya sendiri. Kerusakan saraf ini terjadi pada retina, bagian mata yang berfungsi untuk menerima cahaya. Hal ini selanjutnya menyebabkan penyempitan lapang pandang penglihatan, yang menjadi ciri khas pada glaukoma kronik.

Glaukoma sendiri terbagi atas glaukoma sudut terbuka, sudut tertutup, tekanan normal, dan sekunder. Glaukoma sudut terbuka dan tertutup dibagi berdasarkan sudut pada bola mata bagian depan. Jika sudut tersebut sempit, glaukoma dapat dikategorikan sebagai glaukoma sudut tertutup. Penyempitan sudut tersebut dapat menyebabkan aliran aqueous humor terhambat. Sebaliknya, jika tidak ada penyempitan sudut, glaukoma dapat dikategorikan sebagai sudut terbuka. Biasanya, pada glaukoma jenis ini, terjadi kerusakan pada jaringan trabecular meshwork yang menyumbat saluran pengeluaran aqueous humor.

Pada glaukoma, umumnya terjadi peningkatan tekanan pada bola mata. Namun, pada glaukoma tekanan normal (normal tension glaucoma, NTG) tekanan pada bola mata normal sementara kerusakan pada saraf mata tetap ada seperti pada glaukoma lainnya. Jika glaukoma memiliki penyebab di luar bola mata seperti penggunaan obat-obatan, glaukoma dapat dikategorikan sebagai glaukoma sekunder.

Faktor Risiko

Faktor risiko glaukoma kronik tergantung dari tipenya, apakah sudut terbuka atau tertutup. Pada glaukoma sudut terbuka, faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian glaukoma kronik adalah tekanan bola mata yang tinggi, usia, gangguan penglihatan, dan riwayat keluarga. Semakin tua usia seseorang, semakin tinggi risiko glaukoma sudut terbuka. Sementara itu, gangguan penglihatan yang terkait dengan glaukoma sudut terbuka adala rabun jauh, terutama yang membutuhkan perbaikan dengan lensa yang cukup tebal. Riwayat keluarga seperti ayah, ibu, atau saudara kandung dengan glaukoma sudut terbuka meningkatkan risiko seseorang mengalami kondisi yang sama, terkait dengan genetik.

Sementara itu, pada glaukoma sudut tertutup, faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian glaukoma adalah usia di atas 40 tahun, jenis kelamin wanita, sudut bagian depan bola mata yang sempit, serta gangguan penglihatan berupa rabun dekat, terutama yang disebabkan oleh panjang bola mata yang pendek. Pada individu berisiko lainnya, beberapa obat dapat memicu penutupan sudut bola mata seperti obat-obatan asma, depresi, flu, epilepsi, dan pelemas otot.

Gejala

Glaukoma kronik pada umumnya tidak bergejala hingga kerusakan saraf menjadi parah. Pada glaukoma kronik yang sudah parah, keluhan yang dapat muncul berupa sering tersandung akibat tidak dapat melihat benda di depannya, penglihatan seperti memandang dari ujung terowongan. Namun, pada glaukoma sudut tertutup, dapat terjadi gejala atau riwayat gejala seperti nyeri pada mata yang muncul secara tiba-tiba disertai mata merah dan nyeri kepala. Penurunan penglihatan dan adanya lingkaran cahaya yang mengganggu penglihatan juga dapat menjadi keluhan yang sering terjadi.

Diagnosis

Dalam mendiagnosis glaukoma kronik, dokter akan menanyakan riwayat penggunaan obat-obatan seperti obat asma, depresi, serta penggunaan obat-obatan penurun radang seperti steroid. Dokter juga dapat menanyakan riwayat operasi mata atau trauma pada mata sebelumnya, yang dapat menjadi faktor risiko glaukoma.

Selain itu, dokter dapat melakukan pemeriksaan sudut bola mata bagian depan dengan gonioskopi. Dokter juga dapat melakukan pemeriksaan pada saraf mata menggunakan funduskopi, serta bola mata bagian depan dengan slit lamp. Pemeriksaan lainnya adalah pemeriksaan tekanan bola mata, yang dapat dilakukan dengan alat bernama aplanasi Goldmann.

Untuk memeriksa fungsi penglihatan, dokter dapat melakukan tes lapang pandang dengan perimetri, untuk mencari adanya penyempitan pada lapang pandang.  

Tata Laksana

Tata laksana glaukoma kronik bertujuan untuk memperlambat kelihangan penglihatan yang disebabkan oleh glaukoma. Namun, kehilangan penglihatan yang sudah terjadi tidak dapat dikembalikan. Terapi glaukoma pada umumnya dilakukan untuk menurunkan tekanan bola mata dengan obat-obatan. Obat-obatan tersebut dapat diteteskan atau diminum.

Selain obat-obatan, terapi yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk glaukoma kronik adalah pembedahan dengan laser. Pembedahan ini dapat bertujuan untuk memperluas sudut bola mata bagian depan atau memperbaiki jaring trabecular meshwork. Selain itu, pembedahan tanpa laser juga dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk terapi glaukoma.

Komplikasi

Komplikasi glaukoma adalah penurunan lapang pandang penglihatan yang dapat berujung pada kebutaan. Penurunan lapang pandang ini disebabkan oleh kerusakan saraf. Selain pada saraf, glaukoma juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada kornea, yaitu lapisan bening yang melapisi selaput pelangi mata. Tidak hanya itu, pada mata yang sudah mengalami kebutaan akibat glaukoma, isi bola mata menjadi tidak teratur, dan struktur mata tidak dapat berfungsi kembali. Hal ini menyebabkan tekanan bola mata menurun drastis sehingga bola mata mengecil dan selanjutnya dapat dianggap sebagai benda asing dan diserang oleh tubuh.

Pencegahan

Setelah Anda berusia 40 tahun, ada baiknya Anda melakukan pengecekan mata untuk mencari adanya kenaikan tekanan bola mata yang menjadi faktor risiko glaukoma. Pengobatan untuk menurunkan tekanan bola mata terbukti untuk mencegah terjadinya glaukoma pada orang-orang yang tekanan bola matanya tinggi tanpa gangguan penglihatan.

Perjalanan glaukoma kronik tidak dapat dicegah, namun dapat diperlambat. Jika Anda memiliki ayah, ibu, atau saudara kandung yang memiliki glaukoma, Anda dapat berkunjung ke dokter untuk memastikan bahwa Anda tidak mengalami glaukoma. Jika Anda sudah mengalami glaukoma, Anda dapat diberikan obat-obatan untuk memperlambat perburukan fungsi penglihatan Anda.

Kapan harus ke dokter?

Segeralah ke dokter apabila Anda mengalami gejala seperti di bawah ini:

  • Nyeri pada mata yang sangat hebat
  • Mata merah dan berair
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Gangguan penglihatan

Hal ini dapat merupakan gejala dari glaukoma akut, yang dapat terjadi sebagai bagian dari perjalanan glaukoma kronik. Jika tidak segera ditangani, glaukoma dapat menyebabkan kerusakan saraf penglihatan hingga kebutaan.

 

Untuk informasi penyakit lainnya, silakan kunjungi tautan ini ya!

Writer : Editor AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 19:21

Biggerstaff, K. (2020). Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. Retrieved 5 November 2021, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1206147-overview#a1 

Dave, S., & Meyer, J. (2021). Chronic Closed Angle Glaucoma. Retrieved 5 November 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559098/ 

 

Khawaja, A., Jindal, A., Salim, S., Plumb, R., Kozak, A., & Aref, A. (2019). Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma - EyeWiki. Retrieved 5 November 2021, from https://eyewiki.aao.org/Primary_Open-Angle_Glaucoma 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.3msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new103msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 15:24:33' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 15:24:33
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new10.33msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 1901 where `id` = 1906
      Bindings
      • 0: 1901
      • 1: 1906
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new11.06msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 1906, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 15:24:34', '2025-04-06 15:24:34')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 1906
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 15:24:34
      • 8: 2025-04-06 15:24:34
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new880μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 15 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 15
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4970 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4970
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8339 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8339
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6978 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6978
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.23msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6088 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6088
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1218 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1218
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8068 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8068
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2636 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2636
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5181 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5181
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1785 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1785
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1792 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1792
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1784 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1784
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1799 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1799
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new850μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new590μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new910μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    96Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    5Tag.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        pHLNmaDtdhTmo4R3okh2tvYRrKCRbzMK4E7i2B21
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/glaukoma-kronik" ]
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        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/glaukoma-kronik
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "pHLNmaDtdhTmo4R3okh2tvYRrKCRbzMK4E7i2B21" "laravel_session" => "qLLGz85iTM1Yc2vuQhgb8jNrgMPqAAadk8GPURS5" ]
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