Ginekomastia

Ginekomastia
Ginekomastia atau dikenal sebagai man boobs atau payudara laki-laki merupakan kondisi yang menyebabkan payudara laki-laki dan pria membesar dari pada normal.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Ginekomastia atau yang juga dikenal sebagai man boobs adalah kondisi pembesaran volume payudara laki-laki. Ukuran payudara menjadi lebih besar dari normal. Kata ginekomastia berasal dari bahasa Yunani, gyne berarti feminim dan masto berarti payudara. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena adanya peningkatan jaringan kelenjar, struktur pendukung payudara atau lemak di dalam payudara.

Pembesaran ini dapat terjadi pada salah satu atau kedua payudara. Ginekomastia paling sering terjadi pada kelompok usia yang dikaitkan dengan perubahan hormon, ketika baru lahir, di masa remaja atau pubertas maupun usia tua.

Umumnya ginekomastia bukan menjadi masalah yang serius, namun terkadang pasien bisa mengeluhkan nyeri dan masalah kepercayaan diri. Ginekomastia bisa membaik dengan sendirinya. Bila tidak, pengobatan atau prosedur operasi bisa membantu mengatasi masalah ini.

 

Penyebab

Pada umumnya, ginekomastia terjadi karena ketidakseimbangan hormon testosteron dan estrogen yang menyebabkan pembesaran dari jaringan kelenjar dan lemak payudara. Estrogen adalah hormon yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan jaringan payudara dan bisa menekan produksi hormon testosteron. Pria juga menghasilkan hormon estrogen, tetapi jumlahnya lebih sedikit bila dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Sementara itu, hormon testosteron bisa menghambat estrogen dalam menyebabkan pertumbuhan payudara. Bila kadar kedua hormon ini tidak seimbang, bisa terjadi ginekomastia.

Ginekomastia bisa terjadi pada tiga fase kehidupan laki-laki, yaitu saat baru lahir, di masa remaja dan usia tua.

 

Terjadi Sesaat Setelah Lahir

Hal ini disebabkan tingginya kadar estradiol dan progesteron yang dihasilkan ibu selama kehamilan, keduanya bisa menstimulasi jaringan payudara pada bayi baru lahir. Pembesaran payudara bisa bertahan beberapa minggu setelah lahir.

 

Pubertas

Hampir sekitar 60% anak laki-laki memiliki ginekomastia pada usia 14 tahun. Pada remaja biasanya kedua payudara sama-sama membesar, walaupun pembesaran volume payudara bisa terjadi asimetris atau pada satu payudara saja. Umumnya ginekomastia remaja akan membaik dalam 3 tahun. Diduga hormon estradiol meningkat lebih cepat dari testosteron, sehingga terjadi ketidakseimbangan hormon yang akan memulih seiring peningkatan kadar testosteron.

 

Lansia

Ginekomastia sering terlihat pada usia tua (>60 tahun). Mekanisme terjadinya hal ini masih belum diketahui dengan pasti, diduga pembesaran payudara terjadi karena:

  • Peningkatan aktivitas enzim aromatase terkait peningkatan lemak tubuh total.
  • Peningkatan konsentrasi hormon LH.
  • Penurunan kadar testosteron dalam darah terkait penuaan.

 

Bila Anda tertarik untuk membaca lebih jauh mengenai estrogen, Anda bisa membacanya di sini: Estrogen - Cara Kerja, Indikasi dan Kontraindikasi.

 

Faktor Risiko

Obesitas

Obesitas adalah salah satu faktor risiko umum dari ginekomastia. Obesitas dapat meningkatkan hormon estrogen sehingga dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan payudara. Bila Anda kelebihan berat badan, kemungkinan Anda memiliki lemak dalam jumlah yang lebih banyak. Hal ini juga bisa memperbesar jaringan payudara walaupun kelenjarnya tidak membesar, sebuah kondisi yang disebut sebagai pseudoginekomastia

 

Kondisi Medis

Ada beberapa kondisi medis yang berisiko menyebabkan ginekomastia, yaitu:

  • Sindrom Klinefelter (kondisi genetik yang langka).
  • Tumor pada kelenjar adrenal yang terletak di atas ginjal, kelenjar hipofisis di otak, atau tumor testis.
  • Kanker payudara.
  • Gangguan organ hati atau ginjal.
  • Penyakit pada kelenjar adrenal atau kelenjar tiroid.
  • Malnutrisi, kondisi serius yang terjadi karena tubuh kekurangan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan.

 

Obat Tertentu

Selain faktor usia dan ketidakseimbangan hormon, penggunaan obat di bawah ini juga berisiko menimbulkan efek samping terjadinya ginekomastia. Obat-obatan tersebut di antaranya adalah:

  • Obat yang memiliki mekanisme kerja seperti estrogen.
  • Antihipertensi captopril, metildopa, atau digoxin.
  • Antiandrogen finasteride dan spironolakton.
  • Obat kemoterapi kanker.
  • Antijamur ketoconazole.
  • Narkoba seperti ganja atau amphetamine, dll.

 

Bila Anda tertarik untuk membaca lebih jauh mengenai amphetamine, Anda bisa membacanya di sini: Pemeriksaan Amphetamine - Definisi, Indikasi dan Kontraindikasi.

 

Gejala

Sebagian besar pria dewasa yang memiliki ginekomastia tidak melaporkan adanya keluhan. Gejala dari ginekomastia bervariasi, umumnya meliputi:

  • Pembesaran salah satu atau kedua payudara.
  • Bisa teraba benjolan kecil di bawah puting payudara yang mudah digerakkan.
  • Nyeri, terutama pada remaja.
  • Puting sensitif bila bergesekan dengan pakaian.

 

Diagnosis

Dokter akan menanyakan mengenai durasi dan onset keluhan, riwayat kesehatan Anda serta pengobatan yang sudah Anda jalani. Setelah itu, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik di seluruh tubuh Anda, terutama di area payudara dan kelenjar-kelenjar di sekitarnya.

Bila dokter mencurigai adanya kondisi medis lain yang kemungkinan menjadi penyebab ginekomastia, bisa dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang berikut:

  • Pemeriksaan darah, untuk memeriksa fungsi hati, ginjal, kelenjar tiroid atau hormon dalam darah.
  • Pemeriksaan pencitraan
    • Mammografi untuk melihat gambaran di dalam payudara Anda.
    • Pemeriksaan USG pada payudara, testis atau kelenjar tiroid.
    • CT scan area dada atau perut jika diduga ada gangguan organ dalam atau tumor.
  • Biopsi atau pengambilan sedikit sampel jaringan pada payudara Anda untuk diperiksa terkait kecurigaan adanya sel tumor.

 

Tata Laksana

Pengobatan terkait ginekomastia akan dipertimbangkan berdasarkan:

  • Usia Anda.
  • Kesehatan saat ini dan riwayat penyakit Anda.
  • Derajat pembesaran payudara dan apakah ada kulit berlebih pada payudara.
  • Pilihan pengobatan yang ingin Anda jalani.
  • Respon tubuh Anda terhadap pengobatan atau terapi tertentu.

Biasanya ginekomastia akan membaik dengan sendirinya. Bila pembesaran payudara baru muncul dalam waktu kurang dari satu tahun dan keluhan Anda dalam batas normal, dokter mungkin hanya akan mengobservasi dan follow-up saja.

Pengobatan ginekomastia akan disesuaikan dengan penyakit atau kondisi medis yang menyebabkan pembesaran payudara. Contohnya, bila ginekomastia disebabkan oleh obat-obatan, Anda harus berkonsultasi dengan dokter terkait pemakaian obat tersebut. Dokter akan menghentikan peresepan obat tersebut atau menggantinya dengan obat lain.

Obat-obatan atau terapi hormon bisa diberikan untuk mengatasi masalah ketidakseimbangan hormon. Selain itu, bila ginekomastia sudah berlangsung lebih dari satu tahun dan kondisi medis penyebab sudah diatasi, prosedur bedah bisa menjadi pilihan terapi. Pembesaran payudara yang tergolong kecil atau sedang bisa diterapi dengan liposuction (pengeluaran lemak tubuh). Jaringan yang berlebihan bisa dipotong dengan pisau bedah atau laser.

 

Komplikasi

Pria yang memiliki ginekomastia bisa mengalami penurunan kepercayaan diri atau masalah psikologis akibat penampilan mereka. Selain itu, beberapa studi menyebutkan bahwa pria dengan ginekomastia memiliki sedikit peningkatan risiko mengalami kanker payudara. Oleh karena itu, Anda harus berkonsultasi ke dokter bila merasakan adanya perubahan yang tidak biasa pada payudara Anda.

 

Pencegahan

Bila Anda menjalani pengobatan yang berpotensi menyebabkan pembesaran payudara, Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter mengenai kemungkinan efek samping yang dapat terjadi. Menjaga berat badan ideal juga bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah obesitas, suatu kondisi yang bisa meningkatkan risiko terjadinya pembesaran payudara.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Anda dapat melakukan pemeriksaan ke dokter untuk mengetahui jika Anda mengalami pembesaran payudara, serta mencari tahu bila kondisi yang Anda rasakan saat ini normal atau perlu diperiksa lebih lanjut.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 21 Februari 2024 | 09:55

Gynecomastia. (2022). Retrieved 03 October 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430812/

Gynecomastia: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. (2019). Retrieved 03 October 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279105/

What is Gynaecomastia?. (2021). Retrieved 03 October 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/mens-health/what-is-gynaecomastia/

Gynecomastia : Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. (2019). Retrieved 03 October 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279105/

Gynecomastia. (2022). Retrieved 03 October 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/gynecomastia

Enlarged Male Breast Tissue (Gynecomastia). (2021). Retrieved 03 October 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16227-enlarged-male-breast-tissue-gynecomastia

Enlagred Breasts in Men (Gynecomastia). (2021). Retrieved 03 October 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gynecomastia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351793# 

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.65msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 6144 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6144
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new860μsselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new110msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 06:44:47' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 06:44:47
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new11.5msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 946 where `id` = 5191
      Bindings
      • 0: 946
      • 1: 5191
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new8.93msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 5191, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 06:44:47', '2025-04-06 06:44:47')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 5191
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 06:44:47
      • 8: 2025-04-06 06:44:47
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new810μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 43 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 43
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6817 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6817
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7640 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7640
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9268 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9268
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6100 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6100
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7698 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7698
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6254 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6254
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9814 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9814
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5253 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5253
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.39msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5279 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5279
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.32msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4955 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4955
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5260 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5260
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4693 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4693
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new840μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new850μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new980μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    41Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    5Tag.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        WBDIy1ujfuHSyWEGJCangQIgsG7UcBHavJWqy6p3
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/ginekomastia" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/ginekomastia
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "WBDIy1ujfuHSyWEGJCangQIgsG7UcBHavJWqy6p3" "laravel_session" => "TAxk5UISPzyrZB6BxoZ1DhHqIygDhPzq2uHZYWOb" ]
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