Ensefalopati Uremikum

Ensefalopati Uremikum
credits: google.com

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Definisi

Ensefalopati uremikum merupakan salah satu jenis dari ensefalopati. Ensefalopati uremikum adalah gangguan fungsi otak akibat penumpukan ureum. Ureum adalah produk metabolisme tubuh, yaitu zat sisa pemecahan protein di dalam hati. Zat sisa ini seharusnya dibuang ke dalam urine melalui ginjal. Kadar ureum dalam darah yang tinggi dapat menjadi penanda adanya penyakit ginjal. Apabila kadar ureum semakin tinggi dan penyakit ginjal tidak ditangani dengan baik, maka dapat timbul komplikasi berupa ensefalopati uremikum.

 

Penyebab

Ensefalopati uremikum disebabkan oleh penumpukan ureum yang terjadi pada penyakit gagal ginjal. Pada kondisi gangguan ginjal, akan terjadi penurunan kemampuan ginjal untuk menyaring produk hasil metabolism tubuh, salah satunya adalah ureum. Ureum bersifat radikal bebas, sehingga dapat menimbulkan stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif ini dapat mengganggu fungsi sel. Sel yang terganggu akan memproduksi lebih banyak ureum, sehingga hal ini akan berkembang menjadi sebuah lingkaran setan.

Kebanyakan pasien dengan kemampuan penyaringan ginjal yang kurang dari 10 ml/menit akan mengalami ensefalopati dengan derajat yang bervariasi. Namun, tidak semuanya akan memberikan gejala yang jelas. Pada satu penelitian, ensefalopati terjadi pada 40% anak dengan kadar urea nitrogen darah lebih dari 90 mg/dL. Peningkatan kadar urea nitrogen darah berbanding lurus dengan risiko kejang.

 

Faktor Risiko

Ensefalopati uremikum dapat terjadi pada usia berapa pun tanpa memandang ras dan jenis kelamin. Orang dengan Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) memiliki risiko paling tinggi. Beberapa faktor risiko PGK antara lain:

  • Diabetes melitus
  • Hipertensi (tekanan darah tinggi)
  • Peradangan jaringan penyaring diginjal (glomerulonephritis)
  • Penyakit ginjal polikistik yang ditandai dengan adanya kantung-kantung berisi cairan (kista) pada ginjal

 

Gejala

Gejala ensefalopati uremikum dapat bervariasi dan akan berkembang menjadi lebih buruk jika tidak ditangani. Gejala secara umum adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Lelah, lesu
  • Tidak nafsu makan
  • Berat badan menurun
  • Mual
  • Gelisah
  • Mengantuk
  • Menurunnya kemampuan untuk berkonsentrasi
  • Gangguan kontrol gerakan (timbul gerakan-gerakan spontan)
  • Gangguan kognitif yang berkembang lambat, bertambah buruk, namun seringnya tidak menonjol sehingga terlambat disadari

Pada orang dengan penurunan fungsi ginjal dengan cepat, terutama pada gangguan ginjal akut, dapat timbul gejala yang lebih berat seperti:

  • Muntah
  • Gangguan emosional
  • Gangguan kognitif yang menurun drastis
  • Bingung
  • Kehilangan orientasi
  • Perilaku aneh atau ganjil
  • Tidak dapat berpikir jernih
  • Gangguan memori
  • Kejang
  • Koma (hanya terjadi pada kasus yang tidak ditangani dan mengalami perburukan)

 

Diagnosis

Gejala ensefalopati uremikum sering bervariasi dan tidak terlalu jelas. Tidak ada satu pemeriksaan yang dapat mengonfirmasi adanya ensefalopati uremikum, sehingga sering terjadi keterlambatan diagnosis.

Dokter akan melakukan berbagai pemeriksaan untuk menentukan diagnosis ensefalopati uremikum. Pertama-tama, dokter akan menanyakan mengenai riwayat penyaktit serta gejala yang Anda alami. Setelah itu, pemeriksaan fisik akan dilakukan untuk mencari adanya gangguan kognitif dalam bentuk gangguan memori, gangguan membuat keputusan, dan kemampuan menghitung.

Selain itu, dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan saraf lengkap seperti:

  • Pemeriksaan saraf kepala
  • Pemeriksaan mata
  • Pemeriksaan refleks tubuh
  • Cara berjalan
  • Kesadaran

Dokter biasanya juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan tambahan untuk menyingkirkan kondisi lain yang dapat menyerupai ensefalopati uremikum, seperti infeksi, kelainan saraf, perdarahan otak, ensefalopati hipertensi, stroke, gangguan elektrolik, dan lain-lain. Pemeriksaan yang dapat dilakukan adalah:

  • Pemeriksaan laboratorium. Pemeriksaan ini meliputi:
    • Pemeriksaan darah lengkap. Peemriksaan ini untuk mendeteksi adanya penyebab yang mendasari terjadinya ensefalopati uremikum dan untuk mendeteksi adanya penyakit lain yang dapat memperburuk ensefalopati
    • Pemeriksaan fungsi ginjal. Kenaikan urea nitrogen darah dan kreatinin darah akan ditemui pada ensefalopati uremikum
    • Pemeriksaan metabolik
    • Kadar kalsium, fosfat, dan hormone paratiroid dalam darah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menyingkirkan adanya ensefalopati yang disebabkan oleh penyakit metabolic
    • Kadar magnesium darah. Magnesium dapat meningkat pada orang dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal dan dapat menyebabkan gejala seperti ensefalopati
    • Pemeriksaan toksikologi untuk mendeteksi adanya penumpukan zat atau obat-obatan tertentu. Hal ini dilakukan karean terkadang pada penderita gagal ginjal, terdapat penumpukan kadar obat-obatan (misalnya digoksin, litium) yang dapat menyebabkan ensefalopati.
  • Pemeriksaan saraf. Elektroensefalogram (EKG) atau perekaman aktivitas listrik di otak dapat dilakukan untuk menyingkirkan adanya kelainan otak seperti kejang. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa perubahan yang dapat tampak pada hasil EEG pada penderita ensefalopati uremikum. Namun, hal ini tidak spesifik dan tidak dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengkonfirmasi
  • Pemeriksaan radiologi. CT scan atau MRI otak dapat menyingkirkan adanya kondisi lain seperti stroke, perdarahan otak, serta tumor pada otak.
  • Pemeriksaan kognitif dengan:
    • Tes membuat jejak (trail-making test) yang mengukur kecepatan psikomotor. Adanya ensefalopati uremikum akan ditandai dengan buruknya kemampuan mengikuti tes.
    • Tes memori berkelanjutan (continuous memory test) untuk mengukur memori jangka pendek.
    • Tes waktu reaksi pilihan (choice reaction time test) untuk mengukur kemampuan pengambilan keputusan sederhana.

 

Tata Laksana

Ensefalopati uremikum memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal, salah satunya cuci darah atau hemodialisa. Namun, hemodialisa hanya dapat memperbaiki gangguan otak sebagian. Oleh karena itu, diagnosis dini penting untuk segera memulai terapi dan mencegah timbulnya komplikasi yang lebih buruk.

Selain hemodialisa, penyakit ginjal yang mendasari perlu diberikan terapi, seperti: 

  • Obat-obatan penambah sel darah
  • Obat pengikat fosfat
  • Suplementasi kalsium
  • Modifikasi nutrisi

Pada orang dengan penyakit ginjal stadium akhir, terdapat pilihan terapi terakhir yaitu transplantasi ginjal.

 

Komplikasi

Beberapa komplikasi ensefalopati uremikum adalah kejang, koma, dan kematian. Setelah dimulainya hemodialisa, fungsi otak dapat dikembalikan sebagian dan menurunkan tingkat kematian. Namun, beberapa perubahan kognitifi dapat bersifat permanen.

 

Pencegahan

Penumpukan ureum umumnya terjadi pada orang dengan penyakit ginjal stadium akhir. Oleh karena itu, pasien perlu melakukan cuci darah secara rutin untuk mengontrol penumpukan toksin, salah satunya ureum. Jika Anda menderita penyakit ginjal kronis, Anda dapat mencegah atau memperlambat perkembangan penyakit dengan:

  • Mengontrol tekanan darah, gula darah, atau masalah kesehatan lainnya
  • Meminum obat-obatan sesuai dengan instruksi dokter
  • Menghindari obat-obatan yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal lebih lanjut
  • Menerapkan pola makan yang sehat untuk jantung
  • Olahraga sesuai dengan anjuran dokter
  • Menjaga berat badan ideal
  • Berhenti merokok

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Ensefalopati uremikum adalah kondisi emergensi. Segera cari pertolongan medis jika Anda atau orang lain dengan penyakit ginjal menunjukan tanda seperti:

  • Nyeri dada
  • Penurunan kognitif
  • Sulit bernapas
  • Kehilangan orientasi waktu atau tempat
  • Lelah berlebihan
  • Mual dan muntah

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Selasa, 6 Agustus 2024 | 06:09

Olano, C., Akram, S., & Bhatt, H. (2022). Uremic Encephalopathy. Retrieved 14 September 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564327/.

Medscape. Uremic Encephalopathy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. (2020). Retrieved 15 September 2022, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239191-overview#a1.

 

Uremia: Complications, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. (2021). Retrieved 15 September 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21509-uremia#prevention.

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.56msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 6198 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6198
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.22msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 6823 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6823
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.31msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new113msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-07 05:40:36' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-07 05:40:36
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new9.28msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 1272 where `id` = 5029
      Bindings
      • 0: 1272
      • 1: 5029
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.63msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 5029, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 05:40:36', '2025-04-07 05:40:36')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 5029
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-07 05:40:36
      • 8: 2025-04-07 05:40:36
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new910μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 31 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9699 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9699
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3434 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3434
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.16msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2152 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2152
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6618 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6618
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3850 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3850
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7279 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7279
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4958 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4958
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4103 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4103
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4136 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4136
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4362 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4362
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4230 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4230
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.59msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7115 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7115
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new780μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new630μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new910μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    99Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    7Tag.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        ldJOAzFJGEHU8B4JShP9QIrnCQtFKVk5usdfZp2l
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/ensefalopati-uremikum" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/ensefalopati-uremikum
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
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