Cortical Visual Impairment

Cortical Visual Impairment

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Definisi

Cortical visual impairment atau cerebral visual impairment (CVI) adalah salah satu penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan pada anak di bawah 5 tahun. CVI disebabkan oleh kerusakan pada jarak penglihatan tanpa kerusakan organ mata. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh gangguan pada saat persalinan yang berhubungan dengan kerusakan otak anak. Pengobatan dari CVI memerlukan kolaborasi antara spesialis mata, neurologi, dan rehabilitasi medik. 

Pada laporan Profil CVI di Rumah Sakit Dr. M. Djamil Padang, Sumatera Barat tahun 2012–2015 ditemukan bahwa CVI lebih banyak disebabkan oleh kondisi kongenital atau bawaan lahir dibandingkan yang didapat. Sekitar 57% dari pasien tersebut berusia 0–12 bulan. Kelainan didapat yang menyebabkan CVI antara lain adalah meningitis dan ensefalitis, sedangkan kelainan bawaan yang menyebabkan CVI antara lain adalah perdarahan di dalam otak, kejang, kurangnya oksigen ke otak, dan infeksi di dalam kandungan.   

 

Penyebab

CVI disebabkan oleh kerusakan langsung pada otak. Kerusakan ini dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal berikut:

  • Hipoksia, adalah kondisi rendahnya oksigen. Hipoksia pada otak menyebabkan kematian sel, termasuk pada bagian otak yang memproses informasi visual.  Lokasi yang terdampak dapat berbeda antara bayi prematur dan bayi yang cukup umur. Kondisi hipoksia dapat terjadi dalam kandungan atau ketika dalam proses persalinan. 
  • Meningitis, adalah penyebab tersering dari CVI. Bagian otak yang berfungsi untuk mengolah gambar dan visual, korteks oksipital, lebih sensitif untuk mengalami kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh Haemophilus influenzae. Selain itu, pneumococcus, meningococcus, herpes simplex virus juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada korteks oksipital. Umumnya kerusakan penglihatan terjadi jauh setelah proses infeksi.
  • Hidrosefalus, menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan akibat adanya penekanan pada saraf mata yang menyebabkan atrofi optik. Namun, tata laksana yang cepat untuk mengoreksi hidrosefalus dapat mencegah terjadinya CVI.
  • Trauma, trauma kepala anak akibat shaken baby syndrome dapat menyebabkan CVI. Umumnya gejala lain yang ditunjukkan adalah nyeri kepala, bingung, mengantuk, muntah, dan kejang
  • Epilepsi, dapat menyebabkan CVI, namun mekanismenya belum diketahui. Obat-obatan untuk mengobati epilepsi juga diduga dapat menyebabkan CVI.

Orang dewasa juga memiliki risiko untuk mengalami CVI, terutama setelah kecelakaan yang melibatkan kepala atau stroke. Masalah ini disebut CVI didapat (acquired CVI). Kerusakan otak yang terjadi pada usia lanjut umumnya memiliki gejala yang berbeda dengan CVI.

 

Faktor Risiko

  • Hipoksia, kurangnya kadar oksigen pada otak anak
  • Infeksi sistem saraf pusat
  • Hidrosefalus
  • Trauma persalinan
  • Epilepsi
  • Hipoglikemia
  • Hemodialisis
  • Obat-obatan yang dikonsumsi ibu selama kehamilan
  • Penyakit metabolik
  • Malformasi atau kesalahan pembentukan sistem saraf pusat
  • Henti jantung
  • Komplikasi dari operasi jantung

 

Gejala

Anak dengan CVI dapat mengalami beberapa gangguan penglihatan dari sedang hingga berat. Anak dengan CVI mengalami kesulitan ketika:

  • Merespon pada hal-hal di depan mata mereka
  • Melihat beberapa bagian di depan mereka, seperti gerakan pada film
  • Melihat wajah dan mengidentifikasi benda
  • Mengidentifikasi benda pada tempat yang berantakan
  • Meraih sesuatu walaupun mereka melihat benda tersebut
  • Mengerti atau memahami apa yang mereka lihat

Anak dengan CVI juga dapat mengalami:

  • Respon yang lebih lambat terhadap rangsangan visual
  • Lebih dapat melihat benda yang tidak bergerak
  • Lebih suka melihat benda tertentu yang ada di pinggir mereka (side vision)
  • Melihat ke sumber cahaya, seperti lampu atau matahari; namun beberapa dari mereka tidak suka melihat ke cahaya

Hal lain yang juga dapat dialami oleh anak dengan CVI, antara lain:

  • Gangguan perkembangan
  • Cerebral palsy, kondisi kelainan otak yang menyebabkan gangguan gerakan
  • Epilepsi
  • Kehilangan atau gangguan pendengaran

 

Diagnosis

Dokter akan memeriksa ketajaman penglihatan anak. Selain itu, dokter akan menanyakan mengenai penyakit yang pernah anak alami, riwayat kejang, demam tinggi, atau penurunan kesadaran yang berkaitan dengan meningitis. Dokter juga akan mencari adanya astigmatisme dan hipermetropia serta adanya strabismus/mata juling. Dokter Anda akan melakukan. pemeriksaan lapang pandang untuk menentukan sisi mana dari penglihatan yang mengalami gangguan. 

Pemeriksaan lain yang dapat dilakukan antara lain:

  • Visual evoked response (VER), untuk melihat sistem jaras penglihatan.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG), untuk melihat gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh otak dan mendeteksi adanya epilepsi.

Pemeriksaan pencitraan juga dapat dilakukan untuk melihat adanya penyakit pada otak dengan menggunakan CT scan dan MRI.

 

Tata Laksana

CVI yang sifatnya ringan dapat membaik dalam kurun waktu beberapa bulan, namun mekanismenya masih belum diketahui. Beberapa ahli mengatakan bahwa CVI adalah tanda keterlambatan kematangan penglihatan. Pada beberapa kondisi yang lebih berat, CVI tidak dapat diobati. Terapi ambliopia dan strabismus dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi beratnya derajat CVI.

Rehabilitasi adalah aspek penting dalam pengobatan CVI. Rehabilitasi akan mempertimbangkan aspek psikososial dari anak dan keluarga Anda. Terapi stimulasi visual, stimulasi refleks cahaya pada ruangan gelap dapat digunakan untuk rehabilitasi. Stimulasi refleks cahaya pada ruangan gelap dapat melatih anak untuk melihat bentuk tertentu dengan batas tegas, seperti lingkaran, segitiga, dan bintang. Latihan dilakukan selama 1 menit, 30 kali sehari. Anak dengan CVI umumnya akan memiliki gangguan penglihatan dan motorik, sehingga memerlukan terapi yang kolaboratif dan individual.

 

Untuk Orangtua

Jika anak Anda mengalami gangguan penglihatan, Anda memerlukan dukungan yang lebih. Selain mendukung anak Anda untuk dapat melihat, Anda juga perlu memperhatikan diri Anda.

  • Edukasi diri Anda. Banyak mencari tahu mengenai kondisi yang dialami oleh anak Anda, termasuk pengobatan dan rehabilitasinya.
  • Bangun support system dengan orang tua yang mengalami hal yang sama.
  • Jaga kesehatan anda, hindari stress dan burnout.
  • Jaga hubungan Anda dengan pasangan Anda dan keluarga Anda.
  • Konsultasikan kondisi anak Anda dengan dokter mata, dokter anak, dokter rehabilitasi medis untuk mendapatkan latihan yang maksimal sehingga anak Anda dapat mencapai penglihatan terbaiknya.
  • Komunikasikan kondisi anak Anda ke sekolah anak Anda, sehingga mendapatkan perhatian khusus.
  • Selalu periksa kondisi anak Anda di sekolah.

 

Komplikasi

CVI dapat menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan hingga kebutaan permanen.

 

Pencegahan

Semua orang memerlukan pemeriksaan mata secara rutin. Hal ini menjadi lebih ditekankan apabila keluarga Anda memiliki penyakit mata. Anak perlu melakukan pemeriksaan mata pada saat bayi, usia 6 bulan, 3 tahun, sebelum masuk sekolah, dan setelah usia 5 tahun. Mencegah infeksi pada saat hamil dan infeksi pada sistem saraf anak dapat mencegah CVI. Berikan vaksin yang sesuai untuk anak Anda agar dapat mencegah meningitis.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Jika anak Anda mengalami gejala di atas, mata juling, sering mengucek salah satu atau kedua mata, sering menutup salah satu atau kedua mata, tidak suka di tempat terang, kesulitan untuk melihat cahaya, sulit mengikuti benda yang bergerak di depannya, mengalami pusing, sakit kepala, dan muntah.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Editor AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:50

Albreiki D. (2019). Cerebral Visual Impariment. EyeWiki. Retrieved 15 November 2021, from https://eyewiki.aao.org/Cerebral_Visual_Impairment.

Barliana JD, et al. (2019). Clinical Manifestations of Cortical Visual Impairment in Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital. eJKI vol 7 no. 3. 

Sayuti K. (2018). Profil dari Cortical Visual Impairment di Rumah Sakit Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas; 7(supp 3):38–41.

NIH National Eye Institute. (2021). Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI). Retrieved 15 November 2021, from https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cerebral-visual-impairment-cvi.

 

Seltman W. (2020). Tips for parents of visually impaired children. Medscape. Retrieved 15 November 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/tips-for-parents-visually-impaired-children.

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      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new133msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-07 13:07:03' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-07 13:07:03
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new11.99msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 889 where `id` = 1743
      Bindings
      • 0: 889
      • 1: 1743
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.77msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 1743, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 13:07:03', '2025-04-07 13:07:03')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 1743
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-07 13:07:03
      • 8: 2025-04-07 13:07:03
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.29msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 15 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 15
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9624 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9624
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8434 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8434
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4918 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4918
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3150 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3150
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9207 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9207
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8402 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8402
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3105 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3105
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1650 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1650
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5181 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5181
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1698 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1698
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1694 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1694
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.57msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1653 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1653
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.1msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new1msselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.19msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    148Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        Q7Ma3o53BnHBFuq8fAbKZZguAQVmSVd2udkbQcSH
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/cortical-visual-impairment" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/cortical-visual-impairment
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:19 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.139.85.206" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.139.85.206" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
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