Perawakan jari pendek (Brakidaktili)

Perawakan jari pendek (Brakidaktili)
Credit: Medical Xpres. Gambaran perawakan jari pendek.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Brakidaktili atau perawakan jari pendek adalah kondisi jari dan ibu jari yang lebih pendek dari normal. Brakidaktili adalah suatu bentuk kelainan genetik di mana jari tangan dan atau jari kaki tumbuh lebih pendek dari seharusnya. Kondisi ini biasanya adalah bagian dari sindrom kelainan genetik seperti sindrom Turner, Akondroplasia, dan sindrom Down.

Brakidaktili adalah kondisi genetik dan terjadi karena adanya mutasi genetik yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tulang. Kondisi genetik ini dapat diturunkan atau dapat terjadi secara acak tanpa adanya riwayat pada kesehatan keluarga. Secara umum, kebanyakan kasus brakidaktili langka, kecuali untuk tipe A3 dan tipe D di mana umum terjadi dan mempengaruhi sekitar 2% populasi. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi pada siapa.

 

Tipe dari brakidaktili sendiri dikelompokkan berdasarkan pada lokasi dan pengaruh pada tulang.

Tipe

Lokasi

Tulang yang terdampak

A

Semua jari, hanya pada jari telunjuk atau jari kelingking

Buku-buku tengah jari (falangs tengah)

B

Semua jari kecuali ibu jari kaki dan tangan

Tulang yang pendek atau hilang pada bagian ujung jari di bawah kuku

C

Pada jari tengah, telunjuk dan kelingking

Tulang pendek kedua pada jari (falangs tengah)

D

ibu jari tangan

Pada buku jari yang paling ujung (tempat menempelnya kuku) menjadi pendek

E

ibu jari tangan dan kaki

Tulang lebih pendek di bawah ruas jari pada tangan yang membentuk jari dan kaki Anda (metakarpal dan metatarsals)

Penyebab

Penyebab utama dari brakidaktili adalah mutasi genetik, di mana perubahan gen dapat menyebabkan tipe brakidaktili yang berbeda.

Kondisi kebutuhan nutrisi yang dikonsumsi ibu selama kehamilan juga dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan dari janin. Ibu hamil yang kekurangan nutrisi berat sehingga janin tidak mengalami pertumbuhan yang optimal ketika di kandungan, Ibu hamil yang mengalami keracunan logam berat, dan lain sebagainya.

Konsumsi obat selama kehamilan seperti obat anti-kejang dapat menyebabkan brakidaktili. Aliran darah yang rendah pada kaki dan tangan ketika masih bayi juga dapat mempengaruhi bagaimana tulang tumbuh. Selain itu, brakidaktili dapat menjadi gejala pada kondisi genetik yang lebih besar seperti sindrom Down.

 

Faktor Risiko

Brakidaktili umumnya adalah kondisi yang diturunkan dari genetik. Bila ada keluarga dengan kondisi brakidaktili, maka anggota keluarga lainnya juga berisiko lebih besar untuk mengalaminya. Bila anak Anda lahir dengan sindrom Down, risiko anak Anda mengalami brakidaktili juga akan meningkat. Jenis kelamin juga mempengaruhi faktor risiko dari kondisi ini. Perempuan berisiko mengalami brakidaktili dibandingkan laki-laki.

 

Gejala

Gejala utama dari brakidaktili adalah tulang yang pendek pada tangan dan kaki yang menyebabkan jari dan ibu jari nampak lebih pendek dari proporsi normal dibandingkan seluruh tubuh. Tulang-tulang yang dapat terdampak meliputi:

  • Falangs, yaitu tulang jari dan tulang ibu jari pada kaki dan tangan yang terhubung secara internal oleh sambungan (di bawah ruas jari). Pada ibu jari tangan dan kaki memiliki 2 falangs dan pada masing-masing jari 3 buah.
  • Metakarpal, yaitu tulang di bawah falangs yang membentuk telapak tangan. Tulang ini berada di antara ruas jari pertama pada telapak pergelangan tangan.
  • Metatarsal. Mirip dengan metakarpal, metatarsal adalah tulang di bawah falangs yang membentuk telapak kaki sebelum tumit.

 

Diagnosa

Diagnosa dari brakidaktili dapat dilakukan pada awal masa bayi, anak-anak atau ketika dewasa ketika pemendekan tulang tersebut lebih terlihat. Dokter akan melakukan diagnosa setelah pemeriksaan riwayat kesehatan, pemeriksaan fisik pada gejala dan pemeriksaan rontgen serta tidak menutup kemungkinan adanya potensi pemeriksaan genetik.

Pemeriksaan rontgen akan menunjukkan pada dokter tulang mana yang pendek. Selain itu, pemeriksaan rontgen secara penuh juga membantu menentukan apakah brakidaktili adalah bagian dari sindrom atau bukan dilihat dari adanya tulang pada tubuh yang tidak normal. Pemeriksaan genetik akan membantu mengidentifikasi gen apa yang bertanggungjawab penyebabnya.

 

Tata Laksana

Pada kebanyakan kasus, brakidaktili tidak mempengaruhi fungsi dari jari atau ibu jari Anda pada kaki dan tangan sehingga tidak diperlukan pengobatan. Bila pemendekan pada tulang mempengaruhi pergerakan Anda, operasi rekonstruksi akan meningkatkan kemampuan Anda untuk menggunakan kaki dan tangan Anda.

Beberapa orang dengan brakidaktili memilih untuk operasi untuk memperbaiki penampilan bila pasien tersebut tidak menyukai bentuk dari jari atau ibu jari yang pendek tersebut. Bila brakidaktili berhubungan dengan sindrom lain, hal ini dapat membantu dokter dalam mengidentifikasi penyebab utamanya.

Pada anak-anak, brakidaktili dapat membantu dokter mengidentifikasi Sindrom Cushing. Pada kasus ini, brakidaktili tidak mempengaruhi kesehatan, tetapi sindrom lain yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehtan sehingga perlu pengobatan sesuai dengan kondisi tersebut.

 

Komplikasi

Pasien dengan brakidaktili umumnya tidak mengalami perubahan atau komplikasi signifikan yang dapat mempengaruhi kegiatannya sehari-hari, tetapi dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan dalam keseharian. Hal ini seperti lebih susah dalam menemukan sarung tangan dan sepatu yang sesuai ukuran dengan pas, tetapi hal ini seharusnya tidak sampai mempengaruhi kegiatan sehari-hari.

Pada beberapa kasus di mana brakidaktili cukup parah sehingga dapat membatasi fungsi dari tangan dan kesulitan untuk berjalan. Operasi dan terapi fisik disarankan untuk memperbaiki atau meningkatkan fungsionalitasnya.

 

Pencegahan

Brakidaktili sulit untuk dicegah mengingat kondisi ini disebabkan oleh kondisi genetik yang dapat diturunkan. Bila Anda merencanakan hamil dan ingin mengetahui risiko memiliki anak dengan kondisi genetik, diskusikan dengan dokter Anda terkait pemeriksaan genetik.

Pada beberapa tipe brakidaktili, dapat terjadi sebagai efek samping dari obat yang dikonsumsi oleh ibu selama kehamilan sehingga diskusikan dengan dokter terkait obat yang Anda konsumsi bila Anda berencana untuk hamil.

Bila brakidaktili disertai dengan kondisi lain, mengobati kondisi lain tersebut akan mempengaruhi Anda. Sebagai contoh, pengobatan sindrom Cushing tidak akan menyelesaikan pencegahan dari brakidaktili, tetapi dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup.

Secara umum, pada kasus brakidaktili yang parah dokter akan merekomendasikan terapi fisik di mana terapi tersebut dapat meningkatakan ruang greak, kekuatan, dan fungsionalitas dari jari atau ibu jari yang terpengaruh.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Bila Anda tidak dapat menggunakan tangan atau kaki Anda setelah diagnosa brakidaktili atau Anda merasakan nyeri atau rasa tidak nyaman pada jari atau ibu jari yang mengalami kondisi tersebut, Anda dapat ke dokter untuk berkonsultasi lebih lanjut.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Jumat, 23 Desember 2022 | 08:21

Brachydactyly. (2022). Retrieved 05 December 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24081-brachydactyly

What is Brachydactyly?. (2021). Retrieved 05 December 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-brachydactyly

Brachydactyly. (2017). Retrieved 05 December 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/brachydactyly

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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2161 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2161
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3904 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3904
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6500 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6500
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2489 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2489
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6849 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6849
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4041 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4041
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2357 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2357
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    16Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    10Post.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        #12025-04-06 07:07:51GET/healthpedia-penyakit/brakidaktili2102635