Abrasi Gigi

Abrasi Gigi

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Definisi

Abrasi gigi adalah kelainan yang menyebabkan hilangnya jaringan keras gigi. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh gesekan terhadap gigi yang terlalu kuat dan terus menerus. Penyebab paling umum yaitu menyikat gigi terlalu keras, meskipun demikian ada banyak hal yang dapat menyebabkan abrasi gigi.

Abrasi gigi dapat mencapai permukaan yang lebih dalam yaitu dentin, mengenai permukaan email (permukaan paling luar). Abrasi gigi akan menyebabkan gigi sensitif apabila sudah mengenai permukaan gigi yang semakin dalam (dentin gigi terbuka).

 

Penyebab

Penyebab abrasi gigi yang paling umum adalah kontak berulang dari benda atau zat asing dengan permukaan gigi. Proses abrasi gigi ini dapat lebih cepat dengan adanya efek erosi, karena pH yang asam pada mulut.

Selain akibat dari cara menyikat gigi yang salah, kebiasaan menusuk gigi juga bisa menjadi penyebab abrasi dan dapat meningkatkan resiko masalah pada gusi.

Berikut adalah penyebab masalah abrasi gigi :

  • Mengunyah tembakau atau memainkan tusuk gigi dalam mulut
  • Tindik pada area mulut bibir atau lidah
  • Menggunakan pasta gigi bahan abrasif kasar seperti emery dan corundum
  • Sikat gigi menyamping dan terlalu keras
  • Retainer gigi yang tidak sesuai bentuk rahang
  • Gigi palsu yang tidak pas
  • Kebiasaan menggigit kuku
  • Mengunyah tembakau atau memainkan tusuk gigi dalam mulut
  • Kebiasaan buruk seperti menggigit pensil, membuka tutup botol dengan gigi, atau mengunyah daun sirih
  • Kontak berulang dari benda asing atau zat asing dengan permukaan gigi.
  • Penyakit bruxism atau menggemeretakkan gigi

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor risiko terjadinya abrasi gigi adalah sebagai berikut:

  1. Modifikasi diet
  2. Memperbaiki tenik membersihkan gigi
  3. Menghilangkan kebiasaan buruk menggigit

 

Gejala

  • Pada leher gigi dekat gusi, terlihat adanya cekungan tajam berbentuk v kecil
  • Hipersensitif pada gigi seperti rasa nyeri dan ngilu pada mulut yang dirasakan sangat mengganggu. Rasa nyeri bisa disebabkan oleh makanan atau minuman yang terlalu panas ataupun terlalu dingin. Bahkan hembusan angin pada gigi juga dapat menimbulkan rasa ngilu dan nyeri.

 

Diagnosis

Diagnosis abrasi gigi dapat ditegakkan melalui anamnesis atau wawancara medis, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang.

Wawancara Medis

Dokter akan bertanya mengenai:

  • Gejala yang dialami saat ini
  • Riwayat penyakit dahulu
  • Riwayat penyakit keluarga
  • Riwayat kebiasaan makan

Pada kondisi akut, nyeri hipersensitivitas dentin dapat menyebabkan nyeri parah, sedangkan pada kondisi kronis hanya menyebabkan nyeri ringan atau rasa tidak nyaman

 

Pemeriksaan Fisik

Pemeriksaan fisik gigi pada kasus abrasi dapat dilakukan dengan inspeksi visual, serta sondasi untuk evaluasi pola keausan/kavitas yang terbentuk. Pola keausan pada permukaan gigi dapat memberikan bukti lesi abrasi beserta dengan etiologinya.

 

Pemeriksaan Penunjang

Pemeriksaan penunjang tidak diperlukan untuk kondisi abrasi gigi tanpa gejala. Pemeriksaan penunjang seperti seperti radiografi dapat dilakukan ketika lesi abrasi dan erosi diduga mendekati atau menyentuh pulpa gigi.

Radiografi bitewing juga dapat dilakukan untuk memeriksa lesi abrasi di interdental. Selain itu, untuk pengamatan yang lebih akurat terhadap progresifitas keausan gigi perlu dilakukan pengambilan foto, pencetakan model gigi, atau perekaman bentuk gigi secara digital.

 

Tata Laksana

Penanganan abrasi dilakukan dengan memperbaiki permukaan gigi yang rusak.

Dua cara yang dilakukan adalah pembuatan mahkota gigi atau penambalan. Hal ini disesuaikan dengan bagian permukaan gigi yang mengalami abrasi.

  • Dental Crown (Mahkota gigi), proses pemasangan dental crown atau mahkota gigi membutuhkan dua langkah. Pada langkah pertama, dokter melakukan pemeriksaan rontgen gigi, dimana kondisi tulang di sekitar akar dan mahkota gigi diperiksa. Dokter memberikan anestesi, membuat kerangka gigi, dan kemudian memasang mahkota gigi. Mahkota sementara ini dirancang untuk melindungi gigi selama proses pembuatan mahkota permanen, langkah kedua akan dilakukan pada pertemuan berikutnya. Dokter mengganti mahkota gigi sementara dengan mahkota permanen.

  • Tambalan gigi, digunakan untuk abrasi yang ada di leher gigi. Proses penambalan ini biasanya dilakukan dengan bahan resin yaitu tambalan gigi yang warnanya mirip dengan warna gigi.

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi yang paling umum dari abrasi gigi adalah hipersensitivitas dentin dan pulpitis. Dan jika abrasi gigi dibiarkan tanpa perawatan, akan menyebabkan karies, pulpitis, gingivitis, bahkan kombinasi dari abrasi.

 

Pencegahan

Anda dapat mencegah terjadinya abrasi gigi  dengan cara:

  • Menghilangkan Kebiasaan Buruk

Memiliki kebiasaan buruk seperti mengunyah benda keras seperti tusuk gigi, pensil, kuku dapat menyebabkan terjadinya abrasi gigi. Maka dari itu hentikan kebiasaan buruk tersebut untuk mencegah terjadinya abrasi gigi.

  • Menjaga Kebersihan Mulut

Menjaga kebersihan mulut merupakan salah satu cara mencegah abrasi gigi. Untuk menjaga kebersihan mulut Anda dapat menyikat gigi sebanyak dua kali dalam sehari dengan cara yang benar. Selain itu, Anda  dapat menggunakan sikat gigi berbulu halus dan menghindari menyikat gigi terlalu keras. Gunakan pasta gigi yang aman. Jika Anda memiliki gigi sensitif, gunakan pasta gigi khusus untuk gigi sensitif.

Teknik menyikat gigi yang benar berperan penting dalam mencegah keausan gigi. Berikut teknik menyikat gigi yang benar: 

    • Tempatkan sikat gigi pada sudut 45 derajat ke gusi.
    • Gerakkan sikat gigi kedepan dan belakang secara perlahan.
    • Pastikan seluruh permukaan gigi disikat, mulai dari bagian luar, dalam dan dari permukaan oklusal.
    • Jangan lupa menyikat lidah.
    • Di sela-sela gigi yang sulit dibersihkan, Anda bisa menggunakan sikat khusus membersihkan sela-sela gigi atau benang gigi (dental floss).
  • Jenis Makanan yang Dikonsumsi

Untuk mencegah abrasi gigi, penting untuk memperhatikan gaya hidup Anda, mengubah pola makan. produk susu dan yogurt (tanpa pemanis) dapat memberikan efek perlindungan terhadap abrasi gigi karena memiliki kandungan kalsium dan fosfat. 

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Apabila Anda mengalami gejala abrasi gigi, sebaiknya segera periksaan ke dokter gigi untuk mendapatkan perawatan. Kontrol rutin ke dokter gigi untuk pemeriksaan progresivitas lesi disesuaikan dengan tingkat keparahan. Jika lesi sudah tidak bertambah parah maka dapat dilakukan kontrol rutin secara umum yaitu setiap 6 bulan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : dr Dapa Hayarosa
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 15 Mei 2024 | 07:22

J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther. 2018. Cervical abrasion injuries in current dentistry. Retrieved 6 Januari 2023. Available from: https://medcraveonline.com/JDHODT/cervical-abrasion-injuries-in-current-dentistry.html

American Dental Association. Retrieved 6 Januari 2023, from https://www.ada.org/en/member-center/member-benefits/practice-resources/dental-practice-parameters/dental-abrasion

J Pharm Bioallied Sci (2022) Association Between Cervical Abrasion, Oral Hygiene Practices and Buccolingual Dimension of Tooth Surfaces: A Cross-Sectional Study. Retrieved 6 Januari 2023, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36110652/

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8460 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5420
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8086 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8086
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4112 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4112
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8665
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\User
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-06 04:45:47GET/healthpedia-penyakit/abrasi-gigi3102636