Anti Dengue

Anti Dengue
https://www.ndtv.com/health/a-second-time-dengue-infection-can-be-life-threatening-says-research-1219146

Bagikan :


Definisi

Anti dengue adalah antibodi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem kekebalan tubuh saat terinfeksi virus dengue. Virus dengue menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue. Saat seseorang terinfeksi virus ini maka sistem daya tahan tubuh akan memberikan respon dengan menghasilkan protein antibodi sebagai bentuk perlawanan.

Antibodi yang dihasilkan terdapat dalam dua bentuk yaitu antibodi IgM dan IgG. Antibodi ini dapat dideteksi dalam tubuh setelah 3-7 hari dari sejak gejala demam dengue atau demam berdarah dengue muncul. Antibodi IgM muncul ketika seseorang untuk pertama kalinya terinfeksi demam dengue atau demam berdarah dengue yang akan mengalami peningkatan drastis selama 10-14 hari. Setelah itu, kadar antibodi IgM akan menurun secara perlahan. Antibodi IgM kemudian akan digantikan dengan peningkatan antibodi IgG yang dapat bertahan hingga beberapa bulan kemudian. Pada infeksi kedua, peningkatan antibodi IgM dan IgG dapat terjadi secara bersamaan. Kedua antibodi tersebut terdeteksi melalui pemeriksaan serologi anti dengue yang menjadi salah satu pemeriksaan primer untuk membantu penegakkan diagnosis. Namun, diperlukan beberapa pemeriksaan lainnya untuk penegakkan diagnosis yang lebih akurat.

Penyakit demam dengue terutama terjadi pada negara dengan iklim tropis seperti di Indonesia. Penyakit ini juga menyebabkan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dan menimbulkan angka kesakitan dan kematian semakin meningkat. Sehingga dibutuhkan diagnosis yang tepat adanya infeksi virus dengue dan membedakan infeksi virus dengue yang dapat dirawat di rumah atau diperlukan perawatan di rumah sakit.

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan serologi anti dengue digunakan untuk beberapa kondisi medis dan tujuan seperti:

  • Jika Anda pasca melakukan perjalanan ke daerah endemik dengan  kasus demam dengue tinggi
  • Mengalami beberapa gejala demam dengue seperti demam tinggi mendadak, nyeri kepala berat, nyeri terutama di belakang mata, nyeri pada persendian, tulang dan otot, mimisan atau gusi berdarah, kulit mengalami lebam dan pemeriksaan darah lengkap menunjukkan sel darah putih (leukosit) rendah
  • Mengetahui prognosis dari beratnya suatu infeksi virus dengue yang dapat terjadi

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kondisi medis tertentu yang menyebabkan pemeriksaan ini tidak dapat dilakukan. Pemeriksaan aman dan mudah dilakukan.

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus yang perlu dilakukan sebelumnya. Namun, informasikan gejala awal yang muncul pada dokter Anda karena waktu munculnya gejala menentukan kapan dilakukan pemeriksaan serologi. Selain itu, Anda juga perlu memberitahu dokter jika memiliki riwayat infeksi dengue sebelumnya. Hal ini akan membantu dokter menyesuaikan hasil pemeriksaan dengan kondisi Anda saat ini dan riwayat sakit sebelumnya.

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel darah yang diambil dari pembuluh darah vena. Berikut langkah-langkah yang dilakukan saat pengambilan darah:

  1. Petugas akan menentukan lokasi pengambilan sampel darah pada lipatan lengan
  2. Petugas akan memasang karet pengikat (tourniquet) pada lengan dan memberikan instruksi mengepalkan tangan
  3. Petugas akan membersihkan kulit lipatan lengan dengan cairan antiseptik seperti kapas alkohol atau swab alkohol
  4. Setelah kering petugas akan menusukkan jarum suntik pada lokasi pengambilan darah.
  5. Darah akan ditampung pada tabung jarum suntik sesuai dengan kebutuhan yaitu sekitar 0.3 mL-0.5 mL
  6. Selanjutnya tourniquet akan dilepas dan jarum suntik akan diangkat dari lokasi penyuntikan
  7. Petugas akan menekan bekas tempat penyuntikan dengan kapas alkohol
  8. Darah siap untuk dikirim ke laboratorium dan dilakukan analisis menggunakan alat.

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Nilai normal dari pemeriksaan serologi anti dengue jika antibodi IgM dan IgG negatif. Artinya tidak terdapat antibodi IgM dan IgG terhadap virus dengue yang terdeteksi dalam darah. Namun tidak terdeteksi antibodi IgM/IgG dapat juga terjadi pada awal infeksi.

Sedangkan nilai abnormal dari pemeriksaan terdapat beberapa variasi seperti pada tabel di bawah ini:

Antibodi IgM

Antibodi IgG

Keterangan

Positif

Negatif

Infeksi virus dengue akut yang terjadi saat ini

Positif

Positif

Saat ini, sedang mengalami infeksi virus dengue

Rendah/negatif/tidak diuji

Peningkatan 4 kali lipat dari sampel pertama dalam waktu 2-4 minggu

Infeksi virus dengue yang terjadi baru-baru ini

Rendah atau negatif

Positif

Infeksi masa lampau

Negatif

Negatif

Bukan infeksi virus dengue atau terlalu dini melakukan pemeriksaan anti dengue

Tabel 1. Nilai abnormal pemeriksaan serologi anti dengue

Hasil dan Saran

Jika hasil pemeriksaan serologi anti dengue Anda menunjukkan hasil negatif baik pada antibodi IgM dan IgG. Maka hal ini dapat menunjukkan beberapa kondisi.

  1. Anda tidak mengalami infeksi virus dengue dan saat ini dalam kondisi sehat.
  2. Terdapat gejala yang mengarah pada infeksi virus dengue, namun hasil pemeriksaan antibodi IgM/IgG negatif maka hal ini dapat disebabkan karena terlalu cepat atau dini pemeriksaan dilakukan sehingga kadar antibodi terlalu sedikit untuk dapat dideteksi.
  3. Gejala yang dialami disebabkan oleh jenis virus lain namun masih satu golongan dengan virus dengue. Maka dari itu bila gejala yang dirasakan mengarah pada infeksi virus dengue, dokter akan menyarankan untuk melakukan beberapa pemeriksaan kembali beberapa hari kemudia atau menambahkan pemeriksaan lainnya.

Apabila hasil pemeriksaan antibodi IgM positif dan IgG negatif, maka hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Anda sedang dalam fase akut infeksi virus dengue. Dan jika hasil pemeriksaan kedua antibodi IgM dan IgG positif, maka saat ini Anda sedang mengalami infeksi virus dengue. Pada kondisi ini dokter akan menyesuaikan kembali dengan gejala yang Anda alami, jika terdapat gejala yang mengarah pada demam berdarah dengue atau bahkan sindrom syok dengue maka dokter akan menyarankan untuk dirawat. 

Namun jika hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan kadar antibodi IgG yang meningkat 4 kali lipat dari sebelumnya sedangkan kadar antibodi IgM rendah atau negatif atau bahkan tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan, maka hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Anda baru saja mengalami infeksi virus dengue baik tidak bergejala, bergejala ringan atau berat. Kemudian hasil pemeriksaan antibodi IgM rendah/negatif, namun antibodi IgG positif. Maka hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Anda pernah mengalami infeksi virus dengue di masa lampau. Dan saat ini sudah sembuh.

Konsultasikan Ke Dokter yang Tepat

Jika hasil pemeriksaan anti dengue Anda abnormal maka sebaiknya segera konsultasikan ke dokter terdekat. Hasil pemeriksaan yang abnormal dapat menunjukkan apakah Anda terinfeksi virus dengue dengan beberapa derajat penyakit tertentu atau bahkan sudah masuk masa penyembuhan. 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Vivian Keung
Last Updated : Kamis, 10 November 2022 | 08:47

Dengue Virus Antibody, IgG, IgM, Serum – MayoClinicLaboratories. (2022). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Overview/83865#Clinical-and-Interpretive

Dengue and Severe Dengue  – World Health Organization. Who.int. (2022). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

Waspadai Demam Berdarah Dengue – Kementerian Kesehatan. (2022). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://sinkarkes.kemkes.go.id/news/news_public/detail/40

Dengue Fever Testing – Testing.com. (2022). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://www.testing.com/tests/dengue-fever-test/

Dengue Fever Test – MedlinePlus (2021). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dengue-fever-test/

Role of IgM and IgG Antibody Testing in Dengue Diagnosis – ErbaManheimm (2018). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://www.erbamannheim.com/article/scientific-updates/187

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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new780μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5571 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5571
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6945 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6945
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4109 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4109
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9949 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9949
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3397 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3397
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8527 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8527
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new550μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new500μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new640μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    18Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    9Post.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-10 07:31:52GET/healthpedia-pemeriksaan/anti-dengue4102635