Epoetin Alfa

Epoetin Alfa
Epoetin alfa terutama digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar sel darah merah di tubuh.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Binocrit, Eprex, Epodion, Eporon, Erykine, Hemapo, Recormon, Renogen.

 

Cara Kerja

Epoetin alfa adalah bentuk sintetis atau buatan dari hormon alami tubuh eritropoietin, termasuk ke dalam golongan erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA). Hormon eritropoietin adalah hormon yang dihasilkan ginjal untuk membantu produksi sel darah merah di sumsum tulang.

Selain epoetin alfa, obat-obatan lain yang termasuk ke dalam golongan erythropoietin stimulating agents adalah epoetin beta, epoetin zeta, darbepoetin alfa, dan methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta. 

 

Indikasi

Pada pasien yang memiliki penyakit ginjal, kondisi anemia atau kekurangan sel darah merah dapat terjadi pada kondisi berikut:

  • Kurangnya produksi hormon eritropoietin oleh ginjal.
  • Tubuh tidak merespon dengan baik terhadap eritropoietin alami.

Pada kasus-kasus seperti di atas, epoetin alfa digunakan untuk meningkatkan jumlah sel darah merah di tubuh. Umumnya pasien penyakit ginjal kronis yang mendapat obat ini adalah pasien yang sudah menjalani terapi cuci darah. Obat juga bisa diberikan pada pasien yang yang belum menjalani terapi cuci darah namun memiliki anemia berat akibat penyakit ginjalnya dan menunjukkan gejala klinis anemia.

Obat ini juga digunakan untuk kondisi berikut:

  • Pasien yang akan menjalani operasi ortopedik (tulang) besar yang dinilai memiliki risiko komplikasi akibat kebutuhan transfusi darah yang besar.
  • Pasien yang mendapat kemoterapi untuk tumor padat, limfoma ganas, atau myeloma multipel.
  • Pasien yang akan menjalani donor untuk transfusi darah dari diri pasien sendiri selama operasi.
  • Pasien dengan penyakit myelodysplastic syndrome (suatu bentuk kanker darah) dengan gejala anemia yang memiliki kadar eritropoietin yang rendah.
  • Pada pasien HIV yang diobati dengan antiretroviral zidovudine.

Obat ini tidak dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti transfusi sel darah merah untuk mengatasi anemia berat dan telah terbukti tidak mengatasi gejala kelelahan dan kondisi tubuh yang lemah akibat anemia.

Anda bisa membaca lebih jauh mengenai penyakit ginjal di sini: Penyakit Ginjal Kronis - Definisi, Penyebab, dan Faktor Risiko.

 

Kontraindikasi

  • Tekanan darah tinggi berat yang tidak terkontrol.
  • Hipersensitivitas atau alergi terhadap albumin (protein dalam darah) atau produk-produk olahan dari hewan ternak mamalia.
  • Pasien dengan pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) setelah menjalani terapi dengan eritropoietin. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat dihasilkannya antibodi terhadap komponen protein yang ada dalam obat ini oleh tubuh. Antibodi ini akan menyerang eritropoietin alami tubuh dan membuat produksi sel darah merah dalam sumsum tulang menurun, tanpa mengganggu produksi jenis sel darah lainnya.

Anda bisa membaca lebih jauh mengenai obat albumin di sini: Albumin - Cara Kerja, Indikasi, dan Kontraindikasi.

 

Efek Samping

Obat ini dapat menimbulkan efek samping, meskipun tidak semua orang mengalaminya. Efek samping yang paling sering muncul (hingga >1 dari 10 orang) adalah:

  • Diare
  • Rasa tidak nyaman di perut
  • Muntah
  • Demam
  • Nyeri tenggorokan
  • Hidung tersumbat

Efek samping lain yang bisa timbul pada pasien dengan penyakit ginjal, meskipun sangat jarang terjadi (1 dari 1000 orang) adalah pure red cell aplasia. Kondisi ini akan menyebabkan gejala anemia yang tiba-tiba dan parah, seperti kelelahan yang tidak wajar, pusing, dan sesak napas. Kondisi ini terjadi pada pasien yang telah menggunakan eritropoietin dalam waktu yang lama, setelah beberapa bulan hingga  beberapa tahun.

Sediaan

Cairan injeksi yang telah dikemas dalam alat suntik (pre-filled syringe) dengan berbagai kekuatan, mulai dari 2.000 IU hingga 40.000 IU

 

Dosis

Anemia pada penyakit ginjal kronis:

Dewasa

  • Dosis awal 50 IU/kg berat badan pasien 3 kali seminggu, diberikan melalui suntikan dalam pembuluh darah vena atau di bawah kulit.
  • Dosis dapat ditingkatkan sebanyak 25 unit/kg berat badan pasien setiap 4 minggu hingga target Hb tercapai.

Anak

  • Dosis awal 50 IU/kg berat badan pasien melalui suntikan pembuluh darah vena.
  • Dosis dapat ditingkatkan sebanyak 25 unit/kg berat badannya setiap 4 minggu hingga target Hb tercapai.

 

Keamanan

Kategori C dalam kehamilan. Tidak terdapat data yang memadai terkait eprosartan dari penelitian baik dari hewan atau dari manusia, atau terdapat efek merugikan pada janin dalam percobaan hewan tetapi belum terdapat data pada manusia.

 

Interaksi Obat

Secara umum tidak ada bukti yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh obat ini dalam proses metabolisme obat lain dalam darah. Namun, karena ciclosporin berikatan dengan sel darah merah, kadar ciclosporin dalam darah berpotensi meningkat jika digunakan bersama dengan epoetin alfa.

Anda bisa membaca lebih jauh mengenai obat ciclosporin di sini: Ciclosporin - Cara Kerja, Indikasi, dan Kontraindikasi.

 

 

Writer : dr Arifin Muhammad Siregar
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 14:51

MIMS Indonesia. (2022). Epoetin alfa: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution. Retrieved 28 August 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/epoetin%20alfa?mtype=generic.

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional. (2022). EPOETIN ALFA. Retrieved 28 August 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/epoetin-alfa.

European Medicines Agency. (2022). Epoetin Alfa Hexal. Retrieved 28 August 2022, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/epoetin-alfa-hexal.

Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents. Retrieved 28 August 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/14573-erythropoietin-stimulating-agents.

Schoener, B., & Borger, J. (2022). Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents. Retrieved 28 August 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536997/.

MedinePlus. (2022). Epoetin Alfa, Injection. Retrieved 28 August 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692034.html.

Medsafe. (2022). Erythropoietin and Pure Red Cell Aplasia. Retrieved 28 August 2022, from https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/PUArticles/December%202018/Erythropoietin%20and%20Pure%20Red%20Cell%20Aplasia.htm#.

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      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new980μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 45 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 45
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8870 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8870
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9494 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9494
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3421 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3421
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7619 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7619
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8863 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8863
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6795 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6795
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new12.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3244 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3244
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6792 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6792
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6810 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6810
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new17.2msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6703 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6703
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new14.92msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6659 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6659
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5843 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5843
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new850μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new870μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.03msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    84Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Healthpedia
    1Healthpedia.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        id
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        path_info
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        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "xnQpuVPQQ5uC0s6fajeBnNgdxH7uzQkVobg3pmxK" "laravel_session" => "GvcZu1D2N8IelGRS2G4A1fYUOWAb2eNfxVfLJf4E" ]
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