Ciclosporin

Ciclosporin

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Ikervis, Cipol-N, Sandimmun Neoral.

 

Cara Kerja

Ciclosporin termasuk dalam kelas obat yang dikenal sebagai imunosupresan. Obat ini bekerja dengan melemahkan sistem imun/kekebalan untuk membantu tubuh Anda menerima organ baru yang ditransplantasi dan mencegah terjadinya respon penolakan tubuh terhadap organ tersebut.

 

Indikasi

  • Ciclosporin digunakan dengan obat lain untuk mencegah respon penolakan transplantasi pada pasien yang telah menerima transplantasi organ seperti ginjal, hati, dan jantung.
  • Ciclosporin (modifikasi) digunakan sendiri atau dengan obat lain seperti methotrexate untuk mengobati gejala rheumatoid arthritis (peradangan jangka panjang pada sendi akibat sistem kekebalan tubuh yang secara keliru menyerang sendi) pada pasien yang gejalanya tidak membaik dengan obat methotrexate saja.
  • Ciclosporin (modifikasi) juga digunakan untuk mengobati psoriasis (penyakit kulit di mana bercak merah bersisik terbentuk di beberapa area tubuh) pada pasien tertentu yang belum membaik dengan pengobatan lain.
  • Tetes mata: mengobati gejala mata kering pada kasus keratitis (peradangan pada kornea mata).

 

Kontraindikasi

  • Riwayat alergi ciclosporin.
  • Pada pasien non-transplantasi: gangguan fungsi ginjal, hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol, tumor ganas, infeksi yang tidak terkontrol.

 

Efek Samping

  • Gemetar, sakit kepala, pusing, pertumbuhan rambut tubuh yang tidak normal, mual/muntah, diare, sakit perut, atau muka memerah dapat terjadi. Jika salah satu dari efek ini menetap atau memburuk, beri tahu dokter Anda segera.
  • Pertumbuhan dan pembengkakan gusi yang tidak normal dapat terjadi. Sikat gigi dan gunakan benang gigi setiap hari untuk mengurangi masalah ini. Konsultasilah dengan dokter gigi Anda secara teratur.
  • Obat ini dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah Anda. Periksa tekanan darah Anda secara teratur dan beri tahu dokter Anda jika hasilnya tinggi.
  • Beri tahu dokter Anda segera jika Anda memiliki efek samping yang serius, termasuk: tanda-tanda masalah ginjal (seperti penurunan jumlah urine), tanda-tanda gangguan organ hati (seperti mual/muntah terus-menerus, urine berwarna gelap, mata/kulit menguning, sakit perut), mudah memar/berdarah, kelelahan yang tidak biasa, kelemahan/kejang otot, detak jantung lambat/tidak teratur, kulit mati rasa/kesemutan, dan nyeri kaki yang parah.
  • Dapatkan bantuan medis segera jika Anda mengalami efek samping yang sangat serius, termasuk: perubahan mental/suasana hati (seperti kebingungan, kesulitan berkonsentrasi), gangguan penglihatan, gangguan dalam berbicara, kecanggungan, kehilangan keseimbangan, kelemahan pada satu sisi tubuh, nyeri dada, dan kejang.

 

Sediaan

Ciclosporin tersedia dalam bentuk kapsul, sirup, dan tetes mata.

 

Dosis

  • Dewasa: dosis awal 10-15 mg/kg per hari diberikan dalam 2 dosis terbagi mulai 4-12 jam sebelum transplantasi dan dilanjutkan selama 1-2 minggu setelah operasi, diturunkan secara bertahap. Dosis pemeliharaan: 2-6 mg/kg per hari dalam 2 dosis terbagi. Dosis awal yang lebih rendah dapat diberikan dalam kombinasi dengan imunosupresan lain (misalnya kortikosteroid).
  • Tetes mata: teteskan obat 1 kali sehari pada malam hari sebelum tidur pada mata yang sakit.

 

Keamanan

  • Obat ini bisa membuat Anda pusing. Jangan mengemudi, menggunakan mesin, atau melakukan apa pun yang membutuhkan kewaspadaan sampai Anda dapat melakukannya dengan aman. Hindari minuman beralkohol.
  • Ciclosporin dapat membuat Anda lebih rentan terkena infeksi atau memperburuk infeksi saat ini. Hindari kontak dengan orang yang memiliki infeksi yang dapat menular ke orang lain (seperti cacar air, campak, flu).
  • Beri tahu ahli kesehatan Anda bahwa Anda sedang menggunakan ciclosporin sebelum melakukan imunisasi/vaksinasi. Hindari kontak dengan orang yang baru saja menerima vaksin hidup.
  • Obat ini dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kanker kulit. Hindari paparan langsung sinar matahari. Gunakan tabir surya dan kenakan pakaian pelindung saat berada di luar ruangan.
  • Selama kehamilan, obat ini harus digunakan hanya jika benar-benar dibutuhkan. Obat ini dapat membahayakan janin atau menyebabkan bayi lahir prematur atau memiliki berat badan lahir rendah. Diskusikan risiko dan manfaatnya dengan dokter Anda.
  • Obat ini dikeluarkan melalui ASI. Karena kemungkinan berisiko negatif pada bayi, tidak dianjurkan menyusui saat menggunakan obat ini. Konsultasikan dengan dokter Anda sebelum menyusui.

 

Interaksi Obat

Berpotensi fatal: Peningkatan risiko terjadinya keganasan kulit jika diberikan dengan agen imunosupresif lainnya (misalnya methotrexate) pada pasien psoriasis.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr David Wiliam
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 10:26

BPOM RI. Ciclosporin. cekbpom.pom.go.id. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://cekbpom.pom.go.id//home/produk/69bhknndt7v4km8sdutf8ashf5/all/row/10/page/1/order/4/DESC/search/5/Ciclosporin

MIMS Indonesia. Ciclosporin. Mims.com. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/ciclosporin?mtype=generic  

Web MD. Cyclosporine - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Webmd.com. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from  https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5645-9108/cyclosporine-oral/cyclosporine-oral/details

Medlineplus. Cyclosporine. Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601207.html

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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6699 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6699
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1703 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 1703
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5237 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5237
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9768 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • 0: 9768
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Bindings
        • 0: 4987
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3104 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3104
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3103 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3097 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3097
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3117 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3117
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new910μsselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\Models\Admin\Post
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      App\User
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      App\Models\TermPolicy
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      App\Models\Admin\Tag
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      App\Models\Admin\Page
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