Clozapine

Clozapine
Credit : inaproc.id. Gambaran sediaan clozapine tablet 25 mg

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Merek dagang dari obat ini yaitu Clorilex, Sizoril, Clozapine, Lozap, Nuzip, Nucloz, Cycozam, dan Clozer. 

 

Cara Kerja

Mekanisme kerja dari obat ini yaitu dengan menyeimbangkan senyawa kimia alami (serotonin, dopamin)  yang terdapat di otak. Selain itu, obat ini juga menghambat tempat penempelan senyawa kimia dopamin di otak. Sehingga gejala gangguan mental seperti halusinasi, keinginan bunuh diri, gangguan perilaku dan delusi dapat mereda.

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan untuk pasien yang mengalami gangguan mental dan gangguan mood (suasana hati) pada pasien skizofrenia dan penyakit skizoafektif.

 

Kontraindikasi

Obat ini tidak dapat diberikan pada kondisi medis seperti di bawah ini:

  • Alergi terhadap clozapine
  • Memiliki riwayat penyakit gangguan darah
  • Gangguan pada sumsum tulang belakang
  • Epilepsi yang tidak terkontrol
  • Gangguan sistem saraf pusat
  • Penyakit jantung derajat berat
  • Keracunan obat
  • Gangguan organ hati dan ginjal berat

 

Efek Samping

Terdapat beberapa efek samping yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan obat ini yaitu:

  • Adanya penurunan sel darah putih jenis eosinofil dan neutrofil
  • Mual, muntah, nyeri ulu hati dan BAB keras
  • Tekanan darah meningat
  • Gangguan penglihatan
  • Detak jantung meningkat
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Vertigo
  • Demam
  • Kadar gula darah meningkat

Efek samping fatal yang dapat terjadi seperti adanya gangguan pada organ hati, kelainan darah, peradangan pada otot jantung, henti jantung dan sumbatan pada saluran cerna serta gagal nafas.

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet 25 mg dan 100 mg.

 

Dosis

Dosis berdasarkan usia dan tujuan terapi seperti di bawah ini:

  • Pasien skizofrenia
    • Dewasa, dosis awal 12.5 mg per hari, kemudian dapat ditingkatkan menjadi 25-50 mg per hari sampai mencapai dosis target yaitu 300-450 mg per hari dalam 2 minggu.
    • Lansia, pada hari pertama dosis awal 12.5 mg per hari. Kemudian dosis dinaikkan menjadi 25 mg per hari, sesuai dengan kondisi pasien.
  • Gejala psikosis pada penyakit Parkinson
    • Dosis awal 12.5 mg satu kali sehari diminum malam hari sebelum tidur. Dosis dapat ditingkatkan hingga mencapai dosis umum 25-37.5 mg per hari diminum malam hari. Dengan maksimal dosis 100 mg per hari.

 

Keamanan

Penggunaan obat ini pada kehamilan masuk kategori B menurut FDA. Bahwa obat ini pada hewan uji coba tidak menimbulkan dampak buruk pada janin, namun obat ini belum ada penelitian secara langsung pada ibu hamil. Sedangkan pada ibu menyusui, obat ini dapat terkandung dalam ASI, sehingga penggunaan obat pada ibu menyusui harus dengan pemantauan dokter.

 

Interaksi Obat

Berikut ini beberapa efek yang ditimbulkan dari interaksi clozapine dengan beberapa obat:

  • Interaksi dengan obat golongan narkotik, antihistamin (obat alergi) dan benzodizepin (obat psikotropika) dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan pada sistem saraf pusat
  • Kadar clozapine dalam darah meningkat jika digunakan bersama obat ciprofloxacin, fluvoksamin (obat antidepresi), pil KB, dan enoxin (antibiotik)
  • Penggunaan bersama litium dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadi sindrom neuroleptik maligna
  • Jika digunakan bersama asam valproat (obat antikejang) meningkatkan terjadinya risiko kejang

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 19:07

Clozapine – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 18 June 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/clozapine?mtype=generic

Haidary, HA., Padhy, RK. (2022). Clozapine (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing.

Clozapine – WebMD. webmd.com. (2022). Retrieved 18 June 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5200/clozapine-oral/details

Clozapine – MedlinePlus. medlineplus.com. (2022). Retrieved 18 June 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a691001.html

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7664 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3180 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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