Impaksi Gigi Geraham

Impaksi Gigi Geraham
impaksi gigi geraham

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Definisi

Impaksi gigi adalah gigi yang terjebak di dalam gusi, kondisi ini biasanya terjadi akibat gigi geraham paling belakang tumbuh miring atau tidak sealur dengan gigi lainnya. Impaksi gigi sering terjadi pada gigi geraham bungsu pada orang dewasa.

 

Penyebab

Impaksi gigi sering terjadi, kondisi ini dapat tidak disertai rasa nyeri maupun memiliki keluhan.

Impaksi gigi dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal, antara lain:

  • Mengonsumsi makanan lunak juga dapat menjadi faktor yang kurang merangsang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lengkung rahang. Hal ini dikarenakan, mengunyah makanan yang cenderung keras, otot-otot dalam mulut jadi beraktivitas, sehingga rahang lebih terangsang untuk tumbuh maksimal.
  • Gigi menjadi bengkok atau miring ketika berusaha tumbuh.
  • Gigi sudah tumbuh dalam posisi yang tidak beraturan, sehingga menghalangi gigi bungsu.
  • Rahang terlalu kecil sehingga tidak ada cukup ruang untuk gigi tumbuh. Begitu pula jika bentuk gigi yang tumbuh terlalu besar sementara sisa ruang kosong di gusi sempit karena rahang Anda kecil. Bila ruang kosong di gusi tidak mencukupi, benih gigi geraham dapat tumbuh miring atau tak sealur dengan garis gigi lainnya. Kondisi ini dapat membuat gusi meradang, bengkak, dan bahkan infeksi. Akibatnya, Anda akan mengalami rasa sakit yang intens.
  • Faktor keturunan juga bisa jadi faktor pemicu gigi geraham terakhir Anda tumbuh miring.

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor risiko terjadinya impaksi gigi geraham adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Kekurangan ruang untuk tumbuh gigi
  • Adanya kista

 

Gejala

Impaksi gigi tidak selalu menimbulkan gejala. Namun, apabila gigi terpendam atau hanya tumbuh sebagian dapat menyebabkan sisa makanan tersangkut. Kondisi ini juga memungkinkan Bakteri masuk lebih mudah yang dapat menyebabkan rasa nyeri dan bengkak pada gusi. Posisi gigi yang terpendam dan sulit dijangkau membuat Anda lebih suit untuk menyikat gigi.

Gejala impaksi gigi lainnya meliputi:

  • Gigi hanya muncul sedikit di permukaan gusi
  • Nyeri pada rahang
  • Sakit kepala berkepanjangan
  • Gusi tampak kemerahan dan bengkak, bahkan bernanah disekitar gigi yang bermasalah.
  • Gusi dan rahang bagian belakang terasa sakit ketika diraba menggunakan lidah atau saat menyikat gigi
  • Sekitar gigi yang bermasalah juga terasa nyut-nyutan
  • Kesulitan membuka mulut
  • Kelenjar leher membengkak
  • Sakit gigi saat menggigit, terutama di bagian yang mengalami impaksi gigi

 

Diagnosis

Untuk mendiagnosis impaksi gigi, dokter akan melakukan tanya jawab mengenai gejala dan riwayat kesehatan pasien. Setelah itu, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan rongga mulut. Sembari memeriksa rongga mulut, biasanya dokter juga menanyakan perihal cara Anda merawat kebersihan gigi dan mulut.

Dalam menegakkan diagnosis impaksi gigi bungsu, dokter gigi akan memeriksa gusi Anda terlebih dahulu untuk melihat adanya masalah pada gigi bungsu.

Sembari memeriksa rongga mulut, biasanya dokter akan menanyakan mengenai riwayat kesehatan mulut dan rasa sakit yang Anda alami. Contohnya, kapan rasa sakit mulai timbul, seberapa sering rasa sakit tersebut, dan di mana lokasinya.

Dokter mungkin juga akan menanyakan mengenai cara Anda merawat kebersihan gigi dan mulut.

Dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang, yang meliputi:

  • Foto rontgen panoramik gigi, untuk melihat kondisi gigi yang tidak tumbuh dan mendeteksi kerusakan gigi dan gusi
  • CT scan rahang, untuk melihat kondisi gigi, gusi, saraf, serta tulang secara lebih detail

 

Tata Laksana

Untuk mengetahui impaksi gigi geraham dengan cara rontgen gigi sehingga dokter dapat melihat apakah gigi geraham Anda bermasalah atau impaksi. Dokter gigi dapat menyarankan untuk melakukan cabut gigi bahkan sebelum masalah timbul. Hal ini dilakukan karena menghindari pencabutan yang lebih menyakitkan atau lebih rumit. Pengangkatan impaksi gigi geraham lebih mudah saat akar gigi belum sepenuhnya berkembang.

Pencabutan gigi geraham belakang sering juga disebut dengan “operasi kecil”. Prosedur ini tidak jauh beda dari pencabutan gigi biasa. Bedanya,operasi gigi ini dilakukan untuk kasus gigi geraham yang sebagiannya berada dalam tulang.

Secara umum, pencabutan gigi geraham diperlukan dalam kasus-kasus berikut:

  • Infeksi atau penyakit gusi yang memengaruhi gigi
  • Karies dibeberapa gigi
  • Kista atau tumor yang disebabkan oleh gigi
  • Tumbuhnya gigi geraham yang mengganggu gigi lainnya

Sebelum mencabut gigi, dokter akan menyuntikkan obat bius (anastesi) ke gusi yang bermasalah. Anestesi membuat gusi jadi kebas atau mati rasa. Dengan begitu Anda tidak akan merasakan sakit selama pencabutan.
Setelah membius, dokter terlebih dahulu menyayat gusi Anda, kemudian mengangkat bagian tulang yang menghalangi gigi geraham. Kemudian, menutup luka dengan jahitan dan lubang pada gigi dengan kain kasa.

Setelah prosedur selesai, mungkin ada pendarahan di sekitar gigi yang dicabut. Usahakan untuk tidak meludah terlalu banyak agar tidak terjadi penggumpalan darah dari gusi atau gigi. Saat efek bius habis, dokter akan meresepkan obat penghilang rasa nyeri seperti parasetamol atau ibuprofen. Anda juga bisa mengompreskan es ke rahang untuk mengurangi rasa sakit.

Pencabutan gigi adalah prosedur rawat jalan. Jadi bisa langsung pulang setelah dokter mencabut gigi geraham. Namun, Anda mungkin harus menghabiskan beberapa malam dirumah sakit jika kasus impaksi gigi Anda rumit.

 

Baca Juga: Obat parasetamol - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala dan Pengobatannya

 

Komplikasi

Jika tidak ditangani, impaksi gigi dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi, seperti:

  • Periodontitis
  • Abses gigi atau gusi
  • Nyeri gigi hebat
  • Maloklusi atau susunan gigi tidak beraturan
  • Terbentuknya plak
  • Kerusakan saraf di sekitar gigi

 

Jika Anda ingin mengetahui selengkapnya mengenai abses gigi, Anda dapat membacanya di sini: Abses Gigi - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala dan Pengobatannya

 

Pencegahan

Impaksi gigi tidak dapat dicegah. Namun, Anda disarankan untuk mengunjungi dokter gigi secara rutin minimal 6 bulan sekali, agar nantinya dokter dapat memantau pertumbuhan gigi geraham Anda.

Jika Anda melihat adanya benjolan putih keras di bagian belakang gusi disertai rasa nyeri yang hebat, sebaiknya Anda segera memeriksakan diri ke dokter gigi.

Penting juga bagi Anda untuk menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan baik. Sikat gigi 2 kali sehari pada pagi dan malam hari, serta pastikan Anda menyikat gigi hingga ke gigi geraham untuk mencegah gigi geraham bagian belakang berlubang.

 

Kapan Harus Ke Dokter?

Segera ke dokter gigi jika Anda memiliki gigi yang tidak tumbuh sempurna, terutama jika kondisi tersebut disertai dengan sakit di gusi atau gejala lain.

Pemeriksaan ke dokter gigi juga perlu segera dilakukan jika sering mengalami nyeri dari rahang yang menjalar ke wajah, kepala, telinga, dan leher, meskipun hasil pemeriksaan saraf normal.

Pengangkatan gigi yang terpendam harus dilakukan melalui bedah mulut atau operasi gigi bungsu. Tindakan ini dilakukan apabila lokasi gigi berada di dalam gusi. Konsultasikan dengan dokter gigi jika Anda mempertimbangkan untuk melakukan prosedur ini.

Impaksi gigi terkadang tidak menimbulkan keluhan, tetapi Anda tetap disarankan untuk ke dokter gigi secara rutin agar pertumbuhan gigi bungsu terpantau dari waktu ke waktu. Membiasakan diri berkunjung ke dokter gigi secara rutin setiap 6 bulan sekali juga penting agar kesehatan gigi dan mulut terus terjaga.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Dapa Hayarosa
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 2 Februari 2023 | 05:30

Dehis, H. M., & Fayed, M. S. 2018. Management of Maxillary Impacted Teeth and Complex Odontome: A Review of Literature and Case Report. Retrieved 07 Januari 2023, Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30455768/

Rahayu, S. 2020. Odontektomi dan Tata Laksana Gigi Bungsu Impaksi. Retrieved 07 Januari 2023. Available from: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/36806-ID-odontektomi-tatalaksana-gigi-bungsu-impaksi.pdf

British Dental Journal. 2018. Diseases associated with mandibular third molar teeth. Retrieved 07 Januari 2023. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29569620/

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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:751
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#779aicare_prod_new10.16msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 231 where `id` = 6127
      Bindings
      • 0: 231
      • 1: 6127
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.08msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 6127, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-01-13 10:31:47', '2025-01-13 10:31:47')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 6127
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-01-13 10:31:47
      • 8: 2025-01-13 10:31:47
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.04msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 49 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 49
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8744 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8744
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1318 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1318
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1723 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1723
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4592 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4592
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8087 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8087
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8312 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8312
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10114 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10114
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new900μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new780μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.11msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    18Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    17Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
    2User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
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