Alergi Sunscreen, Kenali Gejala dan Pencegahannya

Alergi Sunscreen, Kenali Gejala dan Pencegahannya
Ilustrasi sunscreen. Credit: Freepik

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Sunscreen atau tabir surya adalah produk perawatan kulit yang berfungsi melindungi kulit dari paparan berbahaya UVA dan UVB pada sinar matahari. Paparan sinar UVA dan UVB pada kulit dapat menyebabkan munculnya tanda-tanda penuaan seperti garis halus, flek hitam dan kulit terbakar.

Namun pada beberapa kasus, penggunaan sunscreen dapat menimbulkan gejala alergi. Apa penyebab alergi sunscreen dan bisakah kondisi ini dicegah? Simak ulasannya berikut ini. 

 

Penyebab Alergi Sunscreen

Alergi sunscreen sebenarnya adalah kondisi yang jarang terjadi. Kondisi alergi sunscreen umumnya adalah dermatitis kontak yang ditandai dengan ruam kulit gatal, mengelupas atau merah yang disebabkan oleh kontak langsung antara kulit dengan zat tertentu.

Meskipun alergi sunscreen tidak sesering alergi kosmetik, namun kondisi ini dapat dialami siapa saja pengguna sunscreen. Reaksi ini dapat muncul di bagian tubuh mana pun yang diolesi sunscreen. Kondisi ini cenderung lebih sering terjadi pada area tubuh yang paling banyak terpapar sinar matahari atau disebut dengan dermatitis fotokontak.

Penyebab alergi sunscreen utamanya adalah bahan-bahan yang terdapat dalam sunscreen. Baik sunscreen kimia (chemical sunscreen) maupun sunscreen mineral (physical) memiliki kandungan yang dapat memicu alergi saat digunakan.

Sunscreen kimia adalah sunscreen yang mengandung bahan karbon. Sunscreen ini bekerja dengan menyerap sinar UV untuk kemudian dilepaskan dari tubuh. Bahan-bahan sunscreen kimia di antaranya oxybenzone, octinoxate, octisalate dan avobenzone. Pada jenis sunscreen ini bahan yang dapat memicu alergi di antaranya:

  • Oxybenzone
  • Dibenzoylmethanes
  • Cinnamates
  • Benzophenos
  • Para-aminobenzoic acid

Berbeda dengan sunscreen kimia, sunscreen mineral bekerja dengan memantulkan dan memecah sinar UV. Sunscreen jenis ini umumnya mengandung bahan utama titanium dioksida dan zinc oxide. Titanium dioksida bekerja dengan memantulkan sinar UV sedangkan zinc oxide bertugas memecah sinar UV.

Jika dibandingkan dengan sunscreen kimia, sunscreen mineral umumnya lebih jarang memicu alergi sehingga aman digunakan untuk kulit sensitif dan anak-anak. Namun dermatitis kontak dapat terjadi akibat alergi terhadap pewangi atau pengawet yang terkandung dalam sunscreen.

Baca Juga: Physical Vs Chemical Sunscreen, Lebih Baik yang Mana?

 

Gejala Alergi Sunscreen

Gejala alergi sunscreen dapat terlihat segera setelah mengoleskan sunscreen, namun pada beberapa kasus gejala alergi sunscreen baru muncul setelah beberapa jam penggunaan. 

Beberapa gejala alergi sunscreen yang sering muncul antara lain:

  • Kulit kemerahan atau bengkak
  • Gatal atau perih
  • Timbul benjolan atau gatal-gatal 
  • Kulit bersisik atau berdarah
  • Muncul ruam atau lepuhan

Pada orang yang memiliki masalah kulit seperti eksim dan psoriasis memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami alergi sunscreen. Orang yang sehari-harinya sering menggunakan riasan dan sering beraktivitas di luar rumah juga memiliki risiko tinggi terkena alergi sunscreen. 

Baca Juga: Apakah Lansia Tetap Memerlukan Sunscreen?

 

Bisakah Alergi Sunscreen Dicegah?

Jika Anda mengetahui bahan apa yang membuat Anda mengalami alergi sunscreen, sebaiknya hindari penggunaan sunscreen yang mengandung bahan tersebut. Baca kandungan sunscreen pada kemasan dengan teliti sebelum membeli.

Bagi Anda yang memiliki riwayat alergi kulit atau kulit sensitif sebaiknya gunakan sunscreen mineral yang jarang memicu reaksi alergi. Anda bisa memilih sunscreen mineral yang diformulasikan khusus untuk kulit sensitif.

Alergi sunscreen umumnya terjadi akibat alergi kandungan yang terdapat pada sunscreen. Meskipun jenis alergi ini umumnya ringan, namun jika reaksi alergi berkembang hingga kondisi sistemik seperti demam dan gatal parah maka sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter dan hentikan penggunaan sunscreen. 

Apabila memiliki pertanyaan seputar masalah kesehatan, Anda bisa memeriksakan diri ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 25 Juni 2024 | 04:53

Bell, A. (2020). What to know about sunscreen allergy. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sunscreen-allergy

More, D. (2022). Overview of Sunscreen Allergy. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/sunscreen-allergy-82760

McCoy, K. (2023). How to Identify, Prevent, and Treat a Sunscreen Allergy. Available from: https://www.everydayhealth.com/allergies/are-you-allergic-to-sunscreen.aspx

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      • 0: 5961
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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