Other Names/Brands

Heptamyl, Hept-A-Myl, Cariamyl, Ampecyclal

Mechanism of Action

Heptaminol is a mild sympathomimetic drug, meaning it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. This drug works by stimulating alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, causing blood vessel constriction (vasoconstriction) and increasing the heart rate and force of contractions (positive inotropic effect).

This combination of effects helps increase blood pressure, especially in patients with hypotension, including orthostatic hypotension caused by changes in body position. Heptaminol can also improve blood flow in some tissues through its mild selective vasodilatory (widening of blood vessels) effect.

This drug is rapidly absorbed orally and is partially excreted in the urine. Because of its stimulant properties, heptaminol is a banned substance in sports according to the International Anti-Doping Agency.

Indications

Heptaminol is used to treat hypotension, particularly orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when moving from a sitting or lying position to a standing position. This medication works by constricting blood vessels and increasing heart function, thereby maintaining blood flow to vital organs.

In addition, heptaminol can help reduce physical or mental fatigue and support blood circulation in patients with mild peripheral circulatory disorders. In clinical practice, this medication also acts as a cardiac tonic, helping to improve heart pumping power without overworking the heart.

Contraindications

Heptaminol has several conditions that require caution in its use, as it can stimulate the nervous system and affect blood pressure and heart function.

This medication should not be used in people with severe high blood pressure, as it can further increase blood pressure and pose a risk of serious complications. Furthermore, patients with serious heart conditions, such as arrhythmia, severe heart failure, or coronary artery disease, should also avoid heptaminol, as it can increase the heart's workload and lead to complications.

People with hyperthyroidism should also avoid this medication, as their already rapid metabolism can be further stimulated. For pregnant or breastfeeding women, heptaminol should only be used if a doctor determines the benefits outweigh the risks.

Side Effects

Like other stimulant medications, heptaminol can cause side effects, especially when used in high doses or in individuals who are sensitive to it. Some common side effects include palpitations, increased blood pressure, headaches, and feelings of restlessness or anxiety due to nervous system stimulation.

Furthermore, some people may experience insomnia, dizziness, or mild tremors. In rare cases, especially in patients with a history of heart disease, heptaminol can trigger arrhythmias or worsen pre-existing heart problems.

Preparations

Heptaminol is available in several forms, depending on the medical need and route of administration. Typically, this medication is available as a tablet or capsule taken orally. This form is more often used for short-term or long-term therapy in patients with mild to moderate low blood pressure.

Heptaminol is also available as an injection (injected into a muscle or vein). This preparation is typically used in emergencies or when a faster effect is needed, such as for sudden-onset orthostatic hypotension or circulatory problems in certain parts of the body.

Dosage

Oral dosage form (tablets or capsules):

• Typical dosage: 100 mg–300 mg per day.
• Divided into 2–3 doses.
• The dosage can be adjusted according to the patient's response and the doctor's recommendations.

Injectable form (Heptaminol hydrochloride injection):

• Usually given in acute conditions, such as shock or severe hypotension.
• The dosage and injection rate are strictly determined by a medical professional.

Safety of Drugs

Heptaminol should be used with caution because it has stimulant effects that can cause side effects.

Possible side effects:

• Mild: dizziness, palpitations, nausea, and tremors.
• Serious (less common): hypertension, heart rhythm disturbances, or serious allergic reactions that require immediate medical attention.

Conditions in which heptaminol is not recommended:

• Severe hypertension.
• Uncontrolled heart disease (e.g., severe heart failure or arrhythmia).
• Hyperthyroidism.
• Patients currently taking MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors).

Due to its stimulant properties, heptaminol can also interact with other medications, so its use should be under a doctor's supervision.

Furthermore, there are several important notes to be aware of:

• Heptaminol has not received official approval from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for medical use in the United States.
• In other countries, its use should still follow local regulations and medical advice.
• If used long-term, monitoring of blood pressure and heart function is highly recommended to reduce the risk of complications.

Drug Interactions

Heptaminol can interact with several other medications. Because it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, its use should be monitored to avoid problems.

Several interactions to watch out for:

• With antihypertensive medications (blood pressure lowering):

Heptaminol can reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive medications, as it can actually increase blood pressure.

• With other stimulant medications (such as amphetamines or pseudoephedrine):

This combination can increase the risk of side effects such as palpitations, high blood pressure, or heart rhythm disturbances.

Therefore, concomitant use of heptaminol with other medications should only be done under the advice and supervision of a doctor to prevent dangerous side effects.

Heptaminol should also be used with caution when used concomitantly with medications that affect the central nervous system, as it can cause restlessness or overstimulation. For patients taking blood thinners or other heart medications, consulting a doctor is essential before taking heptaminol.

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