Other Brand Names

Abacavex.

How It Works

Abacavir is an antiviral medication used to treat HIV infections. It works by inhibiting an enzyme that is essential for HIV replication, thus reducing the amount of HIV in the blood. Abacavir is typically combined with other antiviral drugs, such as lamivudine and zidovudine, to enhance its effectiveness in suppressing the HIV virus.

Indications

Abacavir is used in the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS.

Contraindications

Abacavir should not be used in the following conditions:

• A history of hypersensitivity or allergy to abacavir

• Testing positive for the HLA-B 57:01 allele

• Mild to severe liver impairment

• Breastfeeding mothers

Side Effects

Although side effects are generally uncommon, some may include:

• Fever

• Cough

• Weakness

• Headache

• Muscle pain

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Stomach aches

• Loss of appetite

• Red spots on the skin

Types

Abacavir is available in the following forms:

• Film-coated caplets

• Film-coated tablets

Dosage

• Adults: Abacavir is usually combined with other antiviral medications, and the typical dosage is either 300 mg twice daily, or 600 mg once daily.

• Children (age > 3 months):

  • Weight 14–20 kg: 150 mg twice daily, or 300 mg once daily

  • Weight 20–25 kg: 150 mg in the morning and 300 mg at night, or 450 mg once daily

  • Weight > 25 kg: Same dosage as adults

Safety

Pregnancy:

Abacavir is classified as FDA Category C. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, but there are no well-controlled human studies. Therefore, the potential benefits and risks should be weighed carefully, and caution should be exercised when considering its use during pregnancy.

Drug Interactions

Abacavir can interact with strong enzyme-inducing drugs, such as rifampin, phenobarbital, and phenytoin. Using abacavir with these drugs may decrease its effectiveness by lowering its blood levels. Therefore, such combinations should be closely monitored by a healthcare provider.

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