Depression is not the same as feeling sad. It is a mood disorder marked by long periods of intense sadness and hopelessness that disrupt daily life.

Depressive disorders can affect men and women in different ways. Depression in men may be harder to notice because many men tend to keep their emotions to themselves. The ways men cope with feelings, both healthy and unhealthy, often differ from those seen in women.

Even so, depression in men can improve with care. The earlier treatment begins, the easier and faster recovery is likely to be.

Why is Depression in Men More Difficult to Diagnose?

Depression in men is often challenging to identify and treat for several reasons, including:

• They do not recognize depression itself because the symptoms can be subtle or appear more physical, which leads some men to overlook the problem.
• Minimizing symptoms and not acknowledging that they are depressed.
• Feeling reluctant to talk about what they are experiencing.
• Refusing to admit they are depressed or declining treatment.

Delays in diagnosis can worsen the condition and raise the risk of suicide attempts. For this reason, it helps to look for other clues, including physical signs.

Physical Symptoms of Depression in Men

Depression is a mental health condition that may be reflected by:

• Feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness.
• Severe fatigue.
• Losing interest in once-enjoyed activities or hobbies.
• Frequent crying.

In addition, men may show several physical signs, such as:

• Headaches.
• A feeling of tightness in the chest.
• Pain in the joints, legs, or back.
• Frequent digestive problems.
• Sleep disturbances.
• Feelings of anxiety.
• Changes in eating patterns.
• Unintentional weight loss.

Many of these symptoms are linked to how depression affects brain chemistry. Depression can alter serotonin and norepinephrine levels, which carry messages in the brain and help regulate pain and mood.

Helping Your Partner Through Depression

Anyone can develop depression, including your partner. If you notice physical signs, start by asking how they feel. Listen with care.

Encourage your partner to set up a visit with a doctor. If they are still reluctant to talk about emotions, begin with the physical symptoms you have observed.

Aim for open, nonjudgmental conversations. Support your partner in daily routines and watch for other warning signs, such as trouble interacting with others, social withdrawal, or thoughts or attempts of self-harm.

If communication is difficult, a counselor can help you both stay connected. A doctor can suggest treatments that fit your partner’s needs.

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