Beda Fobia dan Ketakutan Biasa

Beda Fobia dan Ketakutan Biasa
Ilustrasi takut. Credit: Freepik

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Takut adalah respons alami pada manusia. Ketakutan membuat kita waspada pada bahaya dan mempersiapkan diri untuk menghadapinya. Banyak orang menganggap rasa takut dan fobia adalah hal yang sama padahal keduanya memiliki penyebab dan penanganan yang berbeda. Bagaimana membedakan rasa takut dan fobia? Simak ulasannya berikut ini. 

 

Perbedaan Rasa Takut dan Fobia

Sekilas, fobia dan rasa takut memang tampak mirip. Fobia menyebabkan seseorang memiliki ketakutan tertentu pada suatu hal sehingga menyebabkan seseorang menghindari pemicu fobia tersebut. Berikut ini perbedaan antara ketakutan biasa dengan fobia:

Ketakutan

Ketakutan adalah reaksi emosional alami ketika Anda yakin ada bahaya yang nyata dan mengancam. Misalnya, Anda merasa takut di tengah badai petir karena khawatir mengalami kecelakaan atau terdampak kerusakan akibat badai. Rasa takut ini logis dan nyata, serta membantu Anda mempersiapkan diri untuk berlindung dan mengumpulkan perlengkapan darurat. Usai badai berakhir, maka ketakutan Anda akan hilang. 

Ketika yang Anda alami adalah ketakutan biasa, Anda bisa mengendalikan diri dan mempersiapkan diri untuk menghadapi potensi bahaya yang terlihat. Rasa takut yang Anda alami tidak bertahan lama dan akan hilang setelah tanda bahaya mereda. 

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Memiliki Fobia Sosial

Fobia

Ketakutan bisa menjadi fobia ketika Anda mengalami kecemasan yang luar biasa yang tidak sesuai dengan tingkat bahaya yang sebenarnya. Pada orang yang memiliki fobia, sekadar memikirkan sumber ketakutan dapat memicu kecemasan yang tiba-tiba dan intens.

Berbeda dengan ketakutan yang merupakan respons alami manusia, fobia adalah jenis gangguan kecemasan dimana seseorang merasa ketakutan terus-menerus secara berlebihan terhadap objek atau situasi tertentu. Pengidap fobia umumnya menyadari bahwa rasa takutnya berlebihan namun ia tidak dapat mengendalikannya.

Fobia dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu:

  • Fobia spesifik: Ketakutan berlebihan pada objek spesifik seperti takut gelap, takut darah, takut berada di ruangan tertutup, takut terhadap balon, atau takut badut.
  • Fobia kompleks: Ketakutan berlebihan pada situasi tertentu seperti fobia sosial atau tempat keramaian (agoraphobia).

Pada pengidap fobia, ketika dihadapkan dengan objek atau situasi yang ia takuti dapat mengalami gejala berikut:

  • Berkeringat
  • Gemetar
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Ingin buang air kecil atau air besar
  • Nyeri dada
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Detak jantung cepat
  • Pusing
  • Serangan panik

Baca Juga: Mengenal Penyebab Fobia Ketinggian (Acrophobia) dan Cara Mengatasinya

 

Penanganan Rasa Takut dan Fobia

Rasa takut umumnya tidak memerlukan penanganan khusus karena akan mereda dengan sendirinya setelah penyebab ketakutan berlalu. Namun pada pengidap fobia, penanganannya membutuhkan terapi khusus yang dapat berlangsung selama beberapa waktu.

Beberapa penanganan fobia yang bisa dilakukan antara lain:

Terapi kognitif perilaku

Terapi kognitif perilaku merupakan pilihan pertama untuk penanganan fobia. Terapi perilaku akan melatih Anda mengidentifikasi bagaimana pikiran dan perasaan memengaruhi tindakan Anda ketika menghadapi rasa takut.

Terapi paparan

Terapis akan memberi Anda paparan berulang secara bertahap dan progresif terhadap objek atau situasi yang Anda takuti. Ketika terpapar pemicu fobia, Anda akan mencoba strategi baru untuk menghadapinya, termasuk teknik relaksasi yang Anda perlukan hingga reaksi ketakutan Anda berkurang atau padam.

Obat-obatan

Obat-obatan umumnya jarang diberikan untuk pengidap fobia, namun dokter dapat memberikan obat jika Anda mengalami gangguan kecemasan. Obat yang diberikan antara lain antidepresan atau obat untuk mengatasi gangguan tidur. 

 

Rasa takut terkadang dianggap sama dengan fobia, padahal keduanya merupakan kondisi yang berbeda sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang berbeda pula. Jika Anda mengalami gejala fobia, sebaiknya periksakan ke psikolog atau ke psikiater. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store dan Play Store

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 2 Oktober 2024 | 16:39

Vergnaud, S. (2021). What’s the Difference Between a Fear vs. a Phobia?. Available from:  https://www.goodrx.com/health-topic/mental-health/fear-vs-phobia

Fritscher, L. (2024). Fear vs. Phobia: What's the Difference?. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/fear-or-phobia-2671982

Fritscher, L. (2024). Specific Phobia DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/diagnosing-a-specific-phobia-2671981

Hatfield, H. The Fear Factor: Phobias. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/features/fear-factor-phobias

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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