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  • Mengenal Manfaat dan Cara Kerja Paxlovid, Obat Antivirus Covid-19 Buatan Pfizer

Mengenal Manfaat dan Cara Kerja Paxlovid, Obat Antivirus Covid-19 Buatan Pfizer

Mengenal Manfaat dan Cara Kerja Paxlovid, Obat Antivirus Covid-19 Buatan Pfizer

Bagikan :


Dalam rangka menanggulangi pandemi Covid-19, Menteri Kesehatan, Budi Gunadi Sadikin mengatakan telah memesan sebanyak 400 ribu obat antivirus buatan Pfizer yang disebut Paxlovid. Bagaimana cara kerja Paxlovid dan apa efek sampingnya? Simak pembahasannya di sini, yuk!

Pada 22 Desember 2021, seperti dilansir FDA, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (FDA) Amerika Serikat telah mengeluarkan izin penggunaan darurat (EUA) untuk obat Covid-19 bernama Paxlovid buatan Pfizer. Obat yang dikonsumsi secara oral ini digunakan sebagai pengobatan penyakit Covid-19 dengan gejala ringan sampai sedang.

 

Manfaat Paxlovid

Obat ini menurunkan risiko tinggi perburukan gejala dari Covid-19 menjadi gejala berat, termasuk risiko pasien dirawat inap atau terjadinya kematian. Obat yang hanya dapat diperoleh dengan resep dokter ini diberikan sesegera mungkin setelah diagnosis Covid-19 dengan hasil positif tes SARS-CoV-2 dan dalam waktu lima hari sejak timbulnya gejala. Paxlovid terdiri dari dua jenis obat agar obat bisa bertahan lebih lama di tubuh pada konsentrasi obat yang lebih tinggi. Dengan hal ini, diharapkan obat bisa lebih baik dalam melawan virus.

 

Cara kerja Paxlovid

Dilansir Drugs.com, Paxlovid mengandung dua jenis obat yatu nirmatrelvir dan ritonavir

Nirmatrelvir adalah inhibitor protease utama SARS-CoV-2 yang bekerja dengan menghambat replikasi virus pada tahap awal penyakit untuk mencegah perkembangan gejala Covid-19 yang parah.

Ritonavir dosis rendah, seperti dilansir Pharmaceutical Technology adalah obat antiretroviral yang secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati HIV. Ritonavir digunakan bersama dengan normatrelvir untuk membantu menganggu replikasi virus SARS-CoV-2 dalam tubuh dengan mengikat enzim yang berperan dalam fungsi dan reproduksi virus.

Dari hasil penelitian sementara, menunjukkan bahwa Paxlovid mengurangi risiko rawat inap dan kematian terkait Covid-19 sebesar 89% pada pasien yang menerima perawatan dalam waktu 3-5 hari sejak timbulnya gejala Covid-19.

 

Siapa saja yang boleh mengonsumsi Paxlovid?

Pasien dewasa dan anak-anak dengan berat badan minimal 40 kg atau yang sudah berusia 12 tahun ke atas, dengan hasil pemeriksaan positif SARS-CoV-2.

Ada beberapa kondisi yang mengharuskan Anda untuk melakukan konsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan dokter sebelum mengonsumsi Paxlovid, antara lain:

  • Adanya riwayat alergi atau hipersensitivitas terhadap kandungan Paxlovid
  • Memiliki penyakit liver atau kerusakan ginjal derajat sedang sampai berat
  • Sedang dalam program hamil, sedang hamil atau menyusui
  • Memiliki kondisi penyakit yang serius

Bagi orang-orang yang memiliki riwayat alergi atau hipersensitivitas terhadap nirmatrelvir, ritonavir atau kandungan bahan lain di dalam Paxlovid, tidak diperbolehkan untuk meminum Paxlovid.

 

Obat yang tidak boleh diminum bersamaan dengan Paxlovid

Terdapat beberapa obat yang tidak boleh dikonsumsi bersamaan dengan Paxlovid, karena dapat memengaruhi kerja Paxlovid, menyebabkan efek samping yang serius, atau bahkan mengancam jiwa. Sangat penting untuk selalu melakukan konsultasi, pemeriksaan riwayat medis, dan mendapatkan obat dengan resep dan petunjuk dokter. Salah satu obat-obat tersebut antara lain:

  • Alfuzosin untuk terapi pembesaran kelenjar prostat, atau Apalutamide sebagai terapi kanker prostat 
  • Obat untuk mengatasi gangguan ritme jantung seperti amiodaron atau kuinidin
  • Obat statin penurun kolesterol yaitu lovastatin dan simvastatin
  • Anti epilepsi seperti karbamazepin, fenobarbital, fenitoin
  • Sildenafil
  • Midazolam, dan lain-lain.

 

Paxlovid tidak direkomendasikan dikonsumsi oleh penderita penyakit liver dan ginjal. Paxlovid adalah obat yang masih terus diteliti lebih lanjut, sehingga disarankan untuk tidak mengonsumsinya sembarangan dan berkonsultasi dengan dokter bila masih ada hal yang tidak Anda pahami. 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 00:10

FDA (2021). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes First Oral Antiviral for Treatment of COVID-19. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-oral-antiviral-treatment-covid-19

Jimenez, D. (2022). Paxlovid: what we know about Pfizer’s Covid-19 pill. Available from: https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/paxlovid-pfizer-covid-19-pill/

Drugs (2021). Paxlovid. Available from: https://www.drugs.com/paxlovid.html

Herlinawati, M. (2022). Menkes : 400 ribu Paxlovid, untuk obat antivirus COVID-19 sudah tiba. Available from: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2646589/menkes-400-ribu-paxlovid-untuk-obat-antivirus-covid-19-sudah-tiba

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 3419
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7466 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7466
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9941 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9941
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1775 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1775
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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