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  • Mengenal Cara Kerja Molnupiravir, Kandidat Obat Covid-19

Mengenal Cara Kerja Molnupiravir, Kandidat Obat Covid-19

Mengenal Cara Kerja Molnupiravir, Kandidat Obat Covid-19

Bagikan :


Sejak pertama kali bergulir di akhir tahun 2019, hingga saat ini wabah Covid-19 yang terjadi di seluruh dunia belum menunjukkan tanda-tanda akan segera berakhir. Penambahan kasus positif Covid-19 masih terus terjadi setiap harinya termasuk di sejumlah wilayah di Indonesia.

Belakangan ini marak perbincangan mengenai Molnupiravir, salah satu kandidat obat yang diharapkan dapat mengatasi infeksi Covid-19. Obat yang diproduksi perusahaan farmasi Merck, Sharp & Dohme (MSD) ini diklaim memiliki efektivitas yang baik dalam menangani infeksi berat pada pasien Covid-19.

Namun saat ini, izin penggunaan obat ini sebagai obat Covid-19 belum diterbitkan secara resmi oleh Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM), sehingga belum dapat digunakan sebagai penanganan infeksi Covid-19 secara luas.

Bagaimana cara kerja Molnupiravir?

Saat ini obat yang digunakan untuk menangani pasien Covid-19 adalah Favipiravir untuk pasien derajat ringan hingga sedang serta Remdesivir untuk pasien derajat berat yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Namun, cara kerja kedua obat tersebut tidak secara spesifik membunuh virus SARS-Cov-2, penyebab Covid-19. 

Berdasarkan hasil uji klinis, penggunaan Molnupiravir terbukti efektif mengurangi derajat keparahan infeksi, menurunkan risiko rawat inap di rumah sakit dan mengurangi risiko kematian. Selain itu, Molnupiravir juga terbukti memiliki efikasi yang baik dalam menghadapi virus Covid-19 varian Gamma, Delta dan Mu. Dilansir dari rilis resmi Merck, pemberian obat Molnupiravir dapat diberikan pada pasien dengan gejala ringan hingga sedang juga pada pasien dengan komorbid.

Dilansir dari Healthline, Molnupiravir bekerja dengan menggangu proses replikasi virus. Ketika virus Covid-19 masuk ke dalam tubuh, ia akan mereplikasi genomnya yang terbuat dari RNA. Genom yang direplikasi ini kemudian diubah menjadi partikel virus lengkap yang keluar dari sel lalu menyebar ke seluruh tubuh.

Namun dengan masuknya Molnupiravir, antivirus ini akan diserap oleh sel yang terinfeksi virus lalu mengubahnya menjadi versi virus yang cacat. Ketika virus mencoba mereplikasi, partikel virus akan menghasilkan materi virus yang rusak sehingga gagal untuk bereplikasi. Dengan mekanisme ini, maka viral load akan tetap rendah sehingga mengurangi risiko munculnya komplikasi penyakit serius.

Efek samping Molnupiravir

Karena Molnupiravir membidik RNA virus, maka diharapkan obat ini dapat berfungsi efektif pada semua jenis varian virus Covid-19. Dalam uji coba yang dilakukan perusahaan, penggunaan Molnupiravir tidak memiliki efek samping serius pada responden uji coba.

Namun cara kerja Molnupiravir dikhawatirkan memiliki efek samping pada ibu hamil yang terinfeksi Covid-19 karena dapat berbahaya bagi janin di dalam kandungan. Terlebih, hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai efek samping Molnupiravir pada ibu hamil pasien Covid-19. Oleh karena itu Molnupiravir untuk sementara belum bisa direkomendasikan untuk diberikan pada ibu hamil.

Tetap patuhi protokol kesehatan

Jika penggunaan Molnupiravir disetujui oleh FDA dan BPOM, hal ini akan menjadi langkah besar dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19 yang telah mengglobal. Namun para ahli mengingatkan cara terbaik untuk pencegahan Covid-19 adalah dengan mematuhi protokol kesehatan yaitu mencuci tangan dengan sabun, menggunakan masker, menjaga jarak dan menjauhi kerumunan. Selain itu, vaksinasi dosis lengkap juga merupakan upaya penting untuk melindungi diri dari infeksi Covid-19.

Bagi Anda yang memiliki gejala Covid-19 seperti demam, sesak napas, batuk dan diare, sebaiknya segera lakukan pemeriksaan Covid-19 dan konsultasikan ke dokter untuk mendapat penanganan yang tepat.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 01:27

Medical News Today. Molnupiravir vs. COVID-19: Will the drug live up to the hype?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/molnupiravir-vs-covid-19-will-the-drug-live-up-to-the-hype#What-is-molnupiravir?.

BPOM. Tingkatkan Angka Kesembuhan dan Turunkan Angka Kematian Pasien COVID-19, Badan POM Terbitkan Izin Penggunaan dalam Kondisi Darurat Obat Favipiravir dan Remdesivir. Available from: https://www.pom.go.id/new/view/more/pers/565/Tingkatkan-Angka-Kesembuhan-dan-Turunkan-Angka-Kematian-Pasien-COVID-19--Badan-POM-Terbitkan-Izin-Penggunaan-dalam-Kondisi-Darurat-Obat-Favipiravir-dan-Remdesivir.html.

Merck. Merck and Ridgeback’s Investigational Oral Antiviral Molnupiravir Reduced the Risk of Hospitalization or Death by Approximately 50 Percent Compared to Placebo for Patients with Mild or Moderate COVID-19 in Positive Interim Analysis of Phase 3 Study. Available from: https://www.merck.com/news/merck-and-ridgebacks-investigational-oral-antiviral-molnupiravir-reduced-the-risk-of-hospitalization-or-death-by-approximately-50-percent-compared-to-placebo-for-patients-with-mild-or-moderat/.

Healthline. How Antiviral Medications Fit in with Vaccinations in the Battle Against COVID-19. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health-news/how-antiviral-medications-fit-in-with-vaccinations-in-the-battle-against-covid-19

WebMD. Merck to Ask FDA for Emergency Approval of Its New Antiviral Pill for COVID. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vaccines/covid-19-vaccine/news/20211001/merck-to-ask-fda-for-emergency-approval-of-its-new-antiviral-pill-for-covid.

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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