Jangan Sepelekan, Kenali Gejala Alergi Obat

Jangan Sepelekan, Kenali Gejala Alergi Obat

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Alergi obat bukan hal yang langka terjadi dan bisa dialami siapa saja. Alergi obat bukan karena kesalahan dokter meresepkan obat, namun memang ada beberapa zat kimia yang salah dikenali oleh sistem kekebalan tubuh, sehingga muncullah reaksi alergi.

Dilansir WebMD, ada beberapa gejala umum dan tanda alergi obat yang bisa diamati.

  • Kulit bentol-bentol dan gatal
  • Kemerahan pada kulit
  • Kulit terasa gatal
  • Mata terasa gatal
  • Mulut atau mata membengkak
  • Mual

Selain itu, ada gejala anaphylaxis (gejala yang lebih parah dan dapat menyebabkan kematian), seperti:

  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Kulit kebiruan
  • Pusing yang tidak kunjung hilang
  • Pingsan
  • Kelelahan
  • Kebingungan
  • Detak jantung semakin cepat

Alergi obat tidak selalu langsung muncul sesaat setelah mengonsumsi obat, beberapa di antaranya muncul setelah berjam-jam kemudian atau berhari-hari kemudian.

Ketika seseorang mengalami alergi obat, disarankan untuk mencatat dan mengingat nama obat sehingga dapat membantu dokter meresepkan obat lain yang tidak memicu reaksi alergi.

Alergi obat berbeda dengan efek samping obat. Efek samping obat tidak selalu muncul saat Anda mengonsumsi obat tertentu, namun alergi obat berbeda, alergi obat akan selalu muncul saat Anda mengonsumsi zat tertentu di dalam obat.

Ada beberapa jenis obat-obatan yang dilaporkan memicu reaksi alergi setelah meminumnya, antara lain:

  • Penisilin
  • Antibiotik
  • Sulfa drug
  • Barbiturates, termasuk mephobarbital dan phenobarbital
  • Obat anti kejang, seperti carbamazepine, chlorpromazine, ethosuximide, lamotrigine, phenytoin, dan zonisamide
  • Obat pereda nyeri, seperti aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and codeine
  • ACE Inhibitors atau penghambat enzim yang biasa digunakan dalam pengobatan hipertensi, gagal jantung, gagal ginjal kronis termasuk captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, dan lisinopril
  • Pewarna kontras yang biasanya digunakan pada X-rays dan MRIs
  • Echinacea dan obat alternatif herbal lainnya

Bagaimana cara mengetahui adanya alergi obat?

Ada beberapa tes yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada zat di dalam obat yang menyebabkan reaksi alergi pada tubuh Anda, seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic berikut ini:

Tes kulit

Tes ini biasanya dilakukan perawat untuk mengetahui apakah ada reaksi alergi yang muncul ketika mengonsumsi antibiotik atau obat lain. Caranya adalah dengan menggoreskan jarum kecil atau lewat injeksi. Apabila ada reaksi alergi, maka dalam beberapa saat akan menunjukkan kemerahan, rasa gatal atau benjolan.

Tes darah

Tes darah juga dapat mendeteksi apakah Anda alergi pada beberapa obat. Tes ini jarang digunakan karena umumnya membutuhkan waktu untuk mengetahui hasilnya. Namun, Anda bisa menjadwalkan jauh hari sebelum dibutuhkan.

Bagaimana mengatasi alergi obat?

Mengetahui riwayat alergi

Ketika dokter mengetahui riwayat alergi obat, mereka akan lebih mudah meresepkan obat lain yang bisa tetap efektif membantu pengobatan namun tidak memicu reaksi alergi. Untuk itu, Anda perlu selalu mengingat jenis obat apa yang membuat reaksi alergi itu muncul.

Antihistamine

Obat antihistamin juga mungkin akan diresepkan untuk membantu memblokir tubuh mengaktifkan zat kimia tertentu di dalam sistem kekebalan tubuh yang dapat mengeluarkan alarm alergi.

Kortikosteroid

Kortikosteroid oral atau injeksi dapat digunakan untuk mengobati peradangan yang terkait dengan reaksi yang lebih serius.

Perawatan darurat

Apabila ada gejala anaphylaxis yang ditunjukkan setelah mengonsumsi obat, sebaiknya langsung bawa pasien ke rumah sakit untuk mendapatkan injeksi epinephrine.

Sumber:

Mayo Clinic Staff. Drug allergy. Mayo Clinic. October 2020. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371839

Carol DerSarkissian, MD. WebMD. Drug Allergies. November 2019. https://www.webmd.com/allergies/allergies-medications

 

 

Writer: Agatha

Editor: dr. Benita Arini Kurniadi

Last updated: 23/09/2021

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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5128
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 3869
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8381 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8381
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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        Date ↕MethodURLData
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