Botox (Botulinum Toxin)

Botox (Botulinum Toxin)
Credit: freepik. Ilustrasi seorang perempuan yang sedang disuntikkan botox untuk mengurangi kerutan di pelipis mata kirinya.

Bagikan :


Brand

Xeomin, Lanzox, Nabota.

 

Cara Kerja

Botox adalah obat yang terbuat dari racun yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri Clostridium botulinum. Suntikan botox bekerja dengan melemahkan atau melumpuhkan otot tertentu atau dengan memblokir saraf tertentu. Efeknya bertahan sekitar tiga hingga dua belas bulan, tergantung pada kondisi apa yang Anda obati.

 

Indikasi

Dokter menggunakan botox dalam dosis kecil untuk mengobati berbagai masalah kesehatan, termasuk:

  • Mengurangi/menyamarkan sementara kerutan di wajah.
  • Keringat berlebihan (hiperhidrosis) di area ketiak.
  • Cervical dystonia - gangguan saraf yang menyebabkan kontraksi / kekakuian otot leher dan bahu yang parah.
  • Blepharospasm – gejala mata berkedip yang tidak terkendali.
  • Strabismus – posisi kedua mata tidak sejajar (mata juling).
  • Drooling – pengeluaran air liur yang berlebihan.
  • Migrain kronis (sakit kepala sebelah yang berlangsung lama atau sering kambuh).
  • Keluhan sering kencing (beser) akibat masalah pada fungsi penyimpanan kandung kemih yang menyebabkan dorongan tiba-tiba untuk buang air kecil (overactive bladder).

 

Kontraindikasi

  • Riwayat alergi botox.
  • Gangguan pada persambungan otot dan saraf.
  • Gangguan pernapasan berat
  • Sedang mengalami infeksi saluraan kemih.

 

Efek Samping

  • Kemerahan, memar, infeksi, dan nyeri di tempat suntikan dapat terjadi. Efek samping ini dapat terjadi tergantung dimana obat ini disuntikkan sesuai dengan kondisi penyakit Anda.
  • Pusing, kesulitan menelan ringan, infeksi pernapasan seperti pilek atau flu, nyeri, mual, sakit kepala, dan kelemahan otot dapat terjadi ketika obat ini digunakan untuk mengendurkan otot. Penglihatan ganda, kelopak mata bengkak, iritasi mata, mata kering, mata berair, dan peningkatan kepekaan/sensitifitas terhadap cahaya juga dapat terjadi.
  • Ketika obat ini digunakan untuk mencegah migrain, efek samping seperti sakit kepala, sakit leher, dan kelopak mata terkulai dapat terjadi.
  • Ketika obat ini digunakan untuk keringat berlebih, efek samping seperti infeksi saluran pernapasan seperti pilek atau flu, sakit kepala, demam, nyeri leher atau punggung, dan kecemasan dapat terjadi.
  • Ketika obat ini digunakan untuk overactive bladder, efek samping seperti infeksi saluran kemih, rasa terbakar/sakit saat buang air kecil, demam, atau kesulitan buang air kecil dapat terjadi.

 

Sediaan

Botox yang beredar Indonesia tersedia dalam bentuk obat suntik dengan kandungan botulinum toxin tipe A 50/100/200 Unit.

 

Dosis

  • Botox ini harus diberikan dengan resep dokter dan diberikan melalui suntikan oleh tenaga kesehatan profesional yang berpengalaman. Botox disuntikkan ke otot yang sakit (intramuskular) untuk mengobati gangguan mata, kekakuan/kejang otot, dan kerutan. Ketika digunakan untuk mencegah migrain, botox disuntikkan ke otot-otot kepala dan leher. Obat ini disuntikkan ke dalam kulit (intradermal) untuk pengobatan keringat berlebih. Untuk pengobatan air liur berlebih, botox disuntikkan ke kelenjar ludah. Untuk pengobatan overactive bladder, botox disuntikkan ke dalam kandung kemih.
  • Dosis obat, jumlah suntikan, area tubuh tempat penyuntikan, dan seberapa sering Anda menerima obat ini akan ditentukan berdasarkan kondisi dan respon Anda terhadap pemberian terapi. Untuk anak-anak, dosis obat juga ditentukan berdasarkan berat badan. Efek botox akan terlihat dalam beberapa hari hingga 2 minggu, dan efeknya biasanya berlangsung selama 3 hingga 6 bulan.

 

Keamanan

  • Obat ini dapat menyebabkan kelemahan otot, kelopak mata terkulai, atau penglihatan kabur. Jangan mengemudi, menggunakan mesin, atau melakukan aktivitas apa pun yang memerlukan kewaspadaan atau penglihatan yang jelas sampai Anda yakin dapat melakukan aktivitas tersebut dengan aman.
  • Obat ini harus digunakan hanya jika benar-benar diperlukan selama kehamilan. Diskusikan risiko dan manfaatnya dengan dokter Anda. Penggunaan dengan tujuan kosmetik seperti menghilangkan kerutan wajah tidak dianjurkan selama kehamilan.
  • Tidak diketahui apakah obat ini dikeluarkan melalui ASI. Konsultasikan dengan dokter Anda sebelum menyusui.

 

Interaksi Obat

Hindari penggunaan bersama dengan obat relaksan otot seperti tubokurarin klorida, natrium dantrolen, antibiotik aminoglikosida (gentamisin sulfat, neomisin sulfat), antibiotik polipeptida (polipeptida (polimiksin B Sulfat), tetrasiklin, linkomisin, antikolinergik (skopolamin butilbromida, triheksidil, benzodiazepin dan lain-lain), serta produk toksin botulinum lain.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr David Wiliam
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Kamis, 31 Maret 2022 | 20:56

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional BPOM. Toksin Botulinum Tipe A. Pionas.pom.go.id. Retrieved 26 March 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/toksin-botulinum-tipe

BPOM RI. Botulinum. cekbpom.pom.go.id. Retrieved 26 March 2022, from https://cekbpom.pom.go.id//home/produk/69bhknndt7v4km8sdutf8ashf5/all/row/10/page/1/order/4/DESC/search/5/Botulinum

Web MD. Botox Vial – Uses, Side Effects, and More. Webmd.com. Retrieved 26 March 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-153465/botox-injection/details

Medlineplus. Botox. Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 26 March 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html

Request history8.1.29PHP Version667msRequest Duration5MBMemory UsageGET healthpedia-{category}/{slug}Route
  • warninglog[03:50:57] LOG.warning: str_contains(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is d...
  • warninglog[03:50:57] LOG.warning: str_contains(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is d...
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7377
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4752
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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