Vitamin A

Vitamin A

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

  • Retinol: Vit A IPI
  • Retinil palmitat: Vitamin A Palmitat, Blackmores Vitamin A
  • Beta-karoten: Curbeplex, Dhavit, Ingenium

Cara Kerja

Vitamin A adalah vitamin larut lemak yang berperan dalam penglihatan, perkembangan sel, pelindung salah satu jenis sel yaitu sel epitel, dan juga dalam fungsi kekebalan tubuh. Vitamin A terlibat dalam pertumbuhan, diferensiasi, serta pembelahan sel yang penting dalam regulasi gen. Selain itu, vitamin ini juga berfungsi sebagai antioksidan untuk mengurangi kerusakan akibat radikal bebas pada DNA.

Indikasi

Suplementasi vitamin A digunakan untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan akibat kekurangan vitamin A. Penyakit yang dapat timbul akibat kekurangan vitamin A antara lain:

  • Campak
  • Xeroftalmia (penyakit mata akibat kekurangan vitamin A) yang ditandai dengan mata kering
  • Malnutrisi berat

Kontraindikasi

Vitamin A tidak boleh diberikan pada:

  • Ibu hamil dan menyusui
  • Orang dengan riwayat hipersensitivitas / alergi terhadap vitamin A

Vitamin A harus diresepkan dengan hati-hati pada pasien dengan penyakit hati, penyakit ginjal, kecanduan alkohol, dan masalah jerawat (akne vulgaris).

Efek Samping

Konsumsi vitamin A secara berlebihan dalam 6 sampai 15 bulan dapat menimbulkan gejala sebagai berikut:

  • Demam ringan
  • Sakit kepala
  • Kelelahan
  • Penurunan nafsu makan
  • Nyeri sendi dan tulang
  • Gangguan saluran cerna seperti mual, muntah, diare
  • Pembesaran organ hati dan limpa

Sediaan

  • Tablet 5000 IU, 6000 IU 
  • Tablet salut gula 6000 IU, 20.000 IU
  • Kapsul lunak 100.000 IU, 200.000 IU

Dosis

Dosis disesuaikan dengan angka kecukupan gizi harian dan tergantung pada usia, jenis kelamin, dan kondisi hamil atau menyusui.

  • Bayi 0 - 6 bulan: 400 mcg/hari
  • Bayi 7 - 12 bulan: 500 mcg/hari
  • Anak-anak 1 - 3 tahun: 300 mcg/hari
  • Anak-anak 4 - 8 tahun: 400 mcg/hari
  • anak-anak 9 - 13 tahun: 600 mcg/hari
  • Pria dewasa: 900 mcg/hari
  • Wanita dewasa: 700 mcg/hari 
    • Ibu hamil: 770 mcg/hari
    • Ibu menyusui: 1.300 mcg/hari 

Keamanan

Kehamilan dan menyusui

Vitamin A sangat berbahaya bagi perkembangan janin dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan bawaan lahir pada janin. Pemberian vitamin A harus dihindari kecuali di daerah yang sering terjadi kekurangan vitamin A. Pada ibu hamil yang tinggal di daerah tersebut, bisa diberikan suplemen namun tidak boleh melebihi 10.000 IU per hari. Pantau asupan vitamin A pasien dari semua sumber selama tiga bulan pertama kehamilan. 

Anak-anak

Vitamin A kemungkinan aman bila dikonsumsi dalam jumlah yang disarankan. Jumlah maksimum vitamin A yang aman untuk anak-anak didasarkan pada usia di atas. Vitamin A mungkin tidak aman untuk anak-anak jika diminum dalam dosis tinggi.

Gangguan di mana tubuh tidak dapat menyerap lemak dengan baik 

Orang dengan kondisi yang memengaruhi penyerapan lemak tidak mampu menyerap vitamin A dengan baik, yaitu:

  • Penyakit kuning
  • Penyakit pankreas
  • Sirosis atau pengerasan hati

Interaksi Obat

  • Obat antikoagulan atau obat yang mencegah pembekuan darah

Konsumsi obat ini bersama dengan vitamin A dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya pendarahan.

  • Obat penurun berat badan orlistat

Obat ini dapat menurunkan penyerapan makanan sumber vitamin A. Dokter Anda mungkin menyarankan agar Anda mengonsumsi multivitamin dengan vitamin A dan beta-karoten saat minum obat ini.

Writer : dr David Wiliam
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:31

Emily, P., Michael, J., and Harold, M. (2021). Vitamin A. Retrieved 21 January 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482362/

Medlineplus. Vitamin A. Retrieved 21 January 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002400.htm

Mayo Clinic. Vitamin A. Retrieved 21 January 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-vitamin-a/art-20365945

WebMD. Vitamin A – Use, Side Effects, and More. Retrieved 21 January 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-964/vitamin-a

Request history8.1.29PHP Version972msRequest Duration4MBMemory UsageGET healthpedia-{category}/{slug}Route
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  • errorlog[11:15:44] LOG.error: Error accessing doctor id: 63983202e088e5e18c0511d7 { "exception": "Undefi...
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:328
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:328
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:328
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:328
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
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      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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