Panduan Pertolongan Pertama saat Mimisan

Panduan Pertolongan Pertama saat Mimisan
Ilustrasi mimisan. Credits: Freepik

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Mimisan terjadi ketika pembuluh darah di dalam hidung pecah dan mengeluarkan darah. Mimisan dapat terjadi secara tiba-tiba, baik akibat udara kering, mengorek hidung berlebihan, trauma atau cedera, alergi atau infeksi sinus, perubahan tekanan udara, dan penggunaan obat-obatan.

Meskipun mimisan sering kali tidak berbahaya, mimisan bisa menimbulkan kekhawatiran dan pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah pertolongan pertama yang tepat ketika mimisan terjadi.

 

Langkah Pertolongan Pertama saat Mimisan

Mimisan, atau dalam bahasa medis disebut epistaksis, adalah mengalirnya darah dari salah satu atau kedua lubang hidung. Ketika mimisan terjadi, sebaiknya Anda tidak panik. Berikut adalah beberapa langkah pertolongan pertama yang bisa dilakukan:

Duduk dengan posisi tegak

Langkah pertama saat menyadari keluarnya darah dari hidung adalah duduk dengan posisi tegak. Posisi ini penting untuk mengurangi tekanan pada pembuluh darah di hidung dan membantu menghentikan perdarahan.

Hindari berbaring atau mendongakkan kepala ke belakang karena justru dapat menyebabkan darah mengalir ke tenggorokan, yang kemudian memicu batuk atau muntah.

Mencondongkan kepala ke depan

Banyak orang secara keliru berpikir bahwa mendongakkan kepala ke belakang saat mimisan adalah langkah yang benar. Padahal, langkah ini justru membuat darah mengalir ke bagian belakang tenggorokan dan tertelan. Sebaiknya, condongkan kepala sedikit ke depan untuk membiarkan darah mengalir keluar dari hidung secara alami.

Baca Juga: Sering Mimisan Berulang Kali, Mungkin Ini Penyebabnya

Mencubit hidung dengan lembut

Langkah selanjutnya adalah mencubit cuping hidung dengan lembut, tepat di bawah tulang hidung. Anda bisa menggunakan ibu jari dan jari telunjuk.

Tekanan ini akan membantu menghentikan perdarahan di pembuluh darah yang pecah. Lakukan tekanan ini selama 10-15 menit tanpa henti dan jangan melepaskannya terlalu cepat untuk memastikan darah telah berhenti sepenuhnya. Untuk sementara, gunakan mulut untuk bernapas. 

Menggunakan kompres dingin

Memberikan kompres dingin saat mimisan dapat membantu mengecilkan pembuluh darah dan mempercepat proses penghentian perdarahan. Namun, jangan langsung menempelkan es ke kulit tanpa alas karena berisiko menyebabkan iritasi.

Bungkus es terlebih dahulu dengan handuk atau kain bersih, kemudian kompreskan pada hidung selama beberapa menit sampai perdarahan berhenti.

Hindari meniup hidung

Selama mimisan atau setelahnya, usahakan untuk tidak meniup hidung dengan kuat atau mengupil agar tidak memicu mimisan kembali. Sebaiknya tunggu beberapa jam setelah mimisan berhenti sebelum melakukan aktivitas yang melibatkan hidung.

Baca Juga: Mimisan Saat Hamil, Berbahayakah? Inilah Yang Harus Dilakukan

 

Kapan Mimisan Berubah Menjadi Kondisi yang Lebih Serius?

Walaupun sebagian besar mimisan tidak berbahaya dan akan berhenti dalam beberapa menit, Anda tetap perlu mewaspadai mimisan yang mungkin menandakan kondisi yang lebih serius.

Berikut adalah beberapa indikasi penting terkait dengan mimisan yang perlu diwaspadai:

  • Mimisan berlangsung lebih lama dari 20 menit dan sulit dihentikan
  • Mimisan terjadi secara berulang
  • Ada kondisi medis yang menyebabkan mimisan, misalnya seperti hemofilia, leukemia (kanker darah), atau penyakit hati

Jadi, apabila Anda mengalami mimisan yang mengkhawatirkan, sebaiknya periksa dan konsultasikan dengan dokter.

Memiliki pertanyaan lebih lanjut mengenai mimisan? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan Ai Care dengan mengunduhnya melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 13 Oktober 2024 | 15:34

Better Health. Nosebleeds. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/nosebleeds 

Medline Plus (2023). Nosebleed. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003106.htm 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Nosebleed (Epistaxis). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13464-nosebleed-epistaxis 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). When To Worry About a Nosebleed. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/do-you-get-too-many-nosebleeds-when-to-worry 

Rod Brouhard, EMT-P (2024). How to Stop a Bloody Nose. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-stop-a-bloody-nose-1298303 

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      Backtrace
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