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  • Mengapa Orang yang Mengalami Serangan Panik Mengalami Hiperventilasi?

Mengapa Orang yang Mengalami Serangan Panik Mengalami Hiperventilasi?

Mengapa Orang yang Mengalami Serangan Panik Mengalami Hiperventilasi?

Bagikan :


Serangan panik (panic attack) adalah gangguan kecemasan yang dapat muncul secara tiba-tiba tanpa peringatan sebelumnya. Serangan panik umumnya ditandai dengan keringat dingin, jantung berdebar cepat, gemetar, merasa kebas, dan sulit bernapas. Pada beberapa kasus, serangan panik juga diiringi dengan hiperventilasi, yaitu perubahan napas menjadi lebih cepat.

Apa itu hiperventilasi?

Dilansir dari Healthline, hiperventilasi adalah kondisi dimana Anda mulai bernapas dengan sangat cepat. Normalnya, pernapasan terjadi ketika Anda menghirup oksigen dan karbon dioksida dengan seimbang. Namun pada situasi hiperventilasi, Anda lebih banyak mengeluarkan karbon dioksida daripada menghirup oksigen. Kondisi ini menyebabkan karbon dioksida berkurang sehingga memicu penyempitan pembuluh darah yang masuk ke otak. 

Minimnya suplai darah ke otak memicu sejumlah gejala seperti pusing dan kesemutan di jari. Pada hiperventilasi yang cukup berat, kondisi ini bisa memicu kondisi kehilangan kesadaran.

Hiperventilasi cukup jarang terjadi. Namun pada beberapa orang, hiperventilasi dapat terjadi ketika seseorang mengalami ketakutan, stres dan menghadapi fobia.

Mengapa orang yang terkena serangan panik mengalami hiperventilasi?

Meskipun bukan merupakan gejala yang pasti dialami, namun hiperventilasi adalah salah satu gejala yang sering dialami orang yang terkena serangan panik. Dilansir dari Verywell Mind, ketika seseorang mengalami serangan panik, tubuh menjadi lebih waspada dan mengirim sinyal bahwa tubuh sedang berada dalam bahaya.

Tubuh kemudian menanggapi sinyal tersebut dengan mengaktifkan respon flight-or-fight selama serangan panik terjadi. Situasi ini juga memicu perubahan pola pernapasan Anda. Napas yang semula normal kemudian berubah menjadi lebih pendek dan cepat. Perubahan ini dapat memicu gejala lainnya seperti badan pusing, nyeri dada, dan rasa ingin pingsan.

Cara menangani hiperventilasi

Mengalami masalah pernapasan ketika serangan panik dapat membuat Anda merasa stres dan ketakutan. Karena serangan panik seringkali terjadi secara tiba-tiba tanpa diketahui pemicunya, maka penting bagi setiap orang untuk menyadari hal-hal apa saja yang menyebabkan serangan panik.

Misalnya, seseorang menyadari bahwa ketika dihadapkan pada fobia ketinggian maka serangan panik akan muncul. Dengan mengetahui pemicu kepanikan masing-masing, seseorang dapat menghindari munculnya serangan panik tersebut.

Untuk menangani hiperventilasi, Anda dapat melakukan beberapa cara yang biasa dilakukan untuk mengatasi panic attack, yaitu:

  • Menyadari kondisi hiperventilasi. Hiperventilasi bukanlah sebuah penyakit dan kondisi permanen, untuk itu Anda harus meyakini bahwa kondisi ini hanya bersifat sementara. Dengan menyadari hal tersebut, pikiran Anda akan lebih tenang dan napas Anda secara perlahan akan kembali teratur.
  • Latihan pernapasan. Saat hiperventilasi terjadi, Anda mungkin menyadari bahwa pernapasan Anda berubah menjadi lebih cepat. Lakukan latihan pernapasan dengan pernapasan perut atau bernapas ke dalam kantung kertas. Setelah Anda berhasil mendapatkan tarikan napas panjang coba untuk embuskan secara perlahan.
  • Menghitung secara perlahan. Menghitung angka 1, 2, 3 hingga 10 secara perlahan dapat membantu meredakan stres yang akan melonggarkan pernapasan. Selain menghitung angka 1-10 lalu mengulanginya kembali dari 1, Anda juga bisa menghitung 3 hal yang bisa Anda lihat, dengar dan rasakan. Metode ini merupakan salah satu latihan mindfulness yang membuat Anda lebih menyadari kehadiran sekitar dan membantu mengurangi stres.

Hiperventilasi sering muncul saat serangan panik terjadi. Untuk mencegah hiperventilasi, Anda dapat melakukan latihan relaksasi dan mengelola stres dengan baik. Jika serangan panik dan hiperventilasi sering muncul, maka sebaiknya segera konsultasikan dengan dokter atau terapis Anda.

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:16
  1. Healthline Editor. What to Know About Hyperventilation (2019). Available from : Hyperventilation: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention (healthline.com)
  2. Katharina Star, Ph.D. Why Panis Attack Cause Shortness of Breath (2021). Available from : Why Panic Attacks Cause Shortness of Breath (verywellmind.com)
  3. Lisa Fields. What Is Hyperventilation? (2021). Available from : Hyperventilation: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Emergencies (webmd.com)
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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