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  • Tanda Toxic Relationship, Ini Bahaya Gaslighting dalam Jangka Panjang

Tanda Toxic Relationship, Ini Bahaya Gaslighting dalam Jangka Panjang

Tanda Toxic Relationship, Ini Bahaya Gaslighting dalam Jangka Panjang

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Gaslighting dapat diartikan sebagai bentuk kekerasan emosional di mana pelaku mencoba memanipulasi perasaan dan pikiran korban, sehingga korban mempertanyakan pikiran, emosi, dan perasaannya sendiri. Gaslighting merupakan salah satu tanda bahwa hubungan Anda tidak sehat (toxic relationship) dan dapat berdampak serius pada kondisi mental para korban.

Asal mula istilah gaslighting

Dilansir dari Verywell Mind, istilah gaslighting berawal dari sebuah naskah drama di tahun 1938 yang ditulis oleh Patrick Hamilton. Dalam cerita tersebut, suami bersikap manipulatif pada istrinya sehingga menyebabkan sang istri merasa kehilangan akal sehatnya. Sang suami bukan hanya merekayasa lingkungan sekitar sang istri dan membuatnya percaya bahwa ia gila, namun juga mencoba mengendalikan sang istri serta memisahkan istri dari pergaulannya.

Akibatnya, sang istri terus mempertanyakan kewarasan dirinya sendiri, juga meragukan perasaan, persepsi dan ingatanya. Dalam kisah tersebut diceritakan bahwa sang istri mengalami kepribadian neurotik yaitu kondisi kepribadian yang cenderung dilingkupi pikiran negatif dan obsesif sehingga sulit menghadapi kesehariannya. Inilah tujuan dari pelaku gaslighting, yaitu membuat korban merasa tidak nyaman dan tidak yakin mengenai mana yang benar dan mana yang bukan. 

Karena film ini dianggap menggambarkan realita cukup nyata dari tindakan gaslighting, maka para psikolog dan konselor mulai melabeli perilaku tersebut dengan istilah gaslighting.

Efek gaslighting pada korban

Gaslighting yang berlangsung secara terus-menerus dapat menyebabkan masalah psikologis pada korban. Beberapa pengaruh gaslighting pada korban di antaranya:

1. Korban kehilangan rasa percaya diri

Korban gaslighting sering kali mendapat ucapan-ucapan yang merendahkan serta tidak mampu menghargai perasaan dan harga diri korban. Dalam jangka panjang, hal ini dapat berakibat korban kehilangan rasa percaya dirinya. Akibatnya, korban juga akan meragukan perasaannya sendiri dan percaya bahwa ia memang seburuk yang dikatakan pasangannya.

2. Hubungan sosial dengan teman dan keluarga memburuk

Gaslighting juga dapat menyebabkan hubungan pribadi korban dengan orang-orang di sekitarnya memburuk. Hal ini disebabkan oleh sikap pelaku yang gemar memanipulasi fakta dan cerita sehingga membuat korban berjarak dengan teman dan keluarga mereka. Para pelaku melakukan ini agar korban sepenuhnya bergantung pada pelaku, sehingga lebih mudah untuk mengendalikan pikirannya.

3. Meragukan diri sendiri dalam mengambil keputusan

Terbiasa mendengar kata-kata yang menjatuhkan membuat korban sulit untuk mendengar dan meyakini pendapatnya sendiri. Secara perlahan korban akan meragukan pemahaman terhadap diri sendiri sehingga sulit untuk menentukan apa yang baik bagi dirinya. Akibatnya, korban akan bergantung pada pasangan, bahkan dalam mengambil keputusan yang sangat sederhana.

4. Memicu masalah kecemasan, stres, dan depresi

Gaslighting juga dapat memicu seseorang mengalami masalah kesehatan mental. Sikap terus-menerus meragukan diri sendiri dapat berkembang menjadi pemicu gangguan kecemasan. Selain itu rasa putus asa dan rendahnya percaya diri juga dapat memicu seseorang mengalami depresi. Pada beberapa kasus, gaslighting juga dapat menyebabkan korban mengalami stres pascatrauma dan kebergantungan pada orang lain.

5. Sulit untuk percaya pada orang lain

Manipulasi yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus dapat membuat korban sulit untuk percaya pada orang lain. Akibatnya, setelah berhasil melepaskan diri dari hubungan tersebut, korban akan sulit untuk mulai kembali percaya pada orang lain. Pada beberapa kasus, korban bahkan dapat menyalahkan diri karena tidak dapat mengenali tanda gaslighting pada pasangannya.

 

Gaslighting merupakan salah satu bentuk manipulasi pikiran dan perasaan yang banyak terjadi, baik dalam lingkup keluarga, pekerjaan, hingga hubungan asmara dengan pasangan. Jika Anda merasa bahwa Anda adalah korban gaslighting, maka sebaiknya segera akhiri hubungan tersebut.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 10:06

Medical News Today (2020), What are the long-term effects of gaslighting. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/long-term-effects-of-gaslighting#long-term-effects

Good Therapy. (2018). Gaslighting. Available from: https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/psychpedia/gaslighting

Gordon S (2021). What is Gaslighting. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/is-someone-gaslighting-you-4147470

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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