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  • Sering Dijumpai dalam Kosmetik, Apa Bahaya Paraben bagi Kesehatan?

Sering Dijumpai dalam Kosmetik, Apa Bahaya Paraben bagi Kesehatan?

Sering Dijumpai dalam Kosmetik, Apa Bahaya Paraben bagi Kesehatan?
Credit: Freepik. Paraben adalah jenis pengawet yang dapat biasa dijumpai dalam berbagai produk perawatan kecantikan.

Bagikan :


Paraben adalah jenis pengawet yang dapat biasa dijumpai dalam berbagai produk perawatan kecantikan. Biasanya pengawet ini digunakan dalam kosmetik untuk mencegah tumbuhnya bakteri dan jamur. Namun penggunaan paraben dalam produk perawatan kulit ternyata dapat memicu berbagai masalah kesehatan. Apa saja bahaya paraben bagi kulit? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Paraben?

Paraben adalah senyawa kimia yang biasa digunakan sebagai pengawet dalam produk kosmetik. Pengawet ini berfungsi untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri dan jamur terutama jika produk perawatan tersebut disimpan dalam lingkungan yang lembap seperti kamar mandi.

Beberapa jenis paraben yang bisa Anda jumpai di produk kosmetik antara lain methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben dan isobutylparaben. Terkadang satu produk kosmetik dapat mengandung lebih dari 1 paraben untuk memberi perlindungan yang lebih baik bagi produk.

Beberapa produk kosmetik yang mengandung paraben di antaranya sampo, kondisioner, produk skincare dan sabun. Namun kini banyak orang beralih ke produk perawatan tubuh yang bebas paraben. Pasalnya, paraben dalam kosmetik diyakini dapat menimbulkan sejumlah masalah kesehatan termasuk memicu kanker.

 

Bahaya Paraben bagi Kesehatan

Paraben memiliki berbagai jenis dan masing-masing jenisnya memiliki batas maksimal untuk bisa digunakan dalam produk perawatan kulit. Dilansir dari Verywell Health, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) menetapkan bahwa penggunaan 0,1% methylparaben dan propylparaben aman bagi makanan dan minuman.

Sedangkan pada kosmetik umumnya mengandung 0,01%-0,3% paraben. Menurut Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), senyawa ini umumnya aman digunakan dalam produk hingga mencapai kadar 25%.

Salah satu penyebab paraben dianggap berbahaya adalah karena struktur kimianya mirip dengan estrogen. Hormon estrogen sering dikaitkan dengan pemicu kanker payudara. Selain itu paraben juga dikaitkan dengan reaksi alergi dan aktivitas estrogenik seperti mengatur menstruasi dan kehamilan.

Namun sejauh ini penelitian mengenai efek samping paraben hanya terbatas pada studi hewan dan sel. Masih dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai efek paraben pada manusia terutama dalam penggunaan jangka panjang.

Berdasarkan sejumlah penelitian, beberapa bahaya paraben bagi kesehatan di antaranya:

 

1. Menyebabkan Gangguan Hormon

Paraben dapat menyebabkan gangguan hormon yang ditandai dengan perubahan fungsi otak, perubahan hormon tiroid dan menurunnya fungsi kekebalan tubuh. Dalam sebuah studi pada tikus juga disebutkan bahwa paparan paraben pada tikus menyebabkan gangguan pada aktivitas estrogen.

 

2. Menyebabkan Perubahan Fungsi Otak

Beberapa jenis paraben dapat berbahaya bagi otak. Sebuah studi menyebutkan bahwa penggunaan butylparaben dan isobutylparaben pada hewan menyebabkan fungsi belajar pada otak hewan tidak berjalan dengan baik. Hewan yang sama juga mengalami tingkat antioksidan yang rendah, lebih mudah mengalami peradangan dan gangguan kecemasan. 

 

3. Meningkatkan Kolesterol

Kolesterol dibutuhkan untuk membuat hormon estrogen dan testosteron. Papaparan paraben dapat menghentikan proses pembuatan hormon tersebut.

Dalam sebuah studi yang dilakukan pada hewan, paraben dapat mengaktifkan trigliserida, yaitu salah satu jenis lemak yang mengalir dalam darah. Jika tubuh menumpuk banyak trigliserida, maka hal ini dapat menyebabkan masalah pada jantung.

 

Tips Memilih Produk Bebas Paraben

Sebagian besar produk akan mencantumkan tulisan “0% paraben”, “bebas paraben” pada kemasannya. Namun jika Anda tidak yakin produk yang digunakan mengandung paraben, maka periksa bahan-bahan yang terdapat dalam kemasan tersebut. Apabila tercantum methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, atau parahydroxybenzoate maka produk tersebut tidak bebas paraben.

 

Sejumlah negara mengumumkan pelarangan penggunaan paraben, namun sejumlah negara menerapkan aturan ketat akan standar konsentrasi maksimum dari penggunaan paraben. Masih dibutuhkan sejumlah penelitian mengenai manfaat dan risiko paraben bagi kesehatan.

Namun jika Anda ingin menghindari produk yang mengandung paraben, maka sebaiknya periksa kembali bahan-bahan dalam kemasan produk perawatan tubuh Anda. Jika mengalami reaksi alergi akibat penggunaan produk tertentu maka sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter.

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:28

FDA. Parabens in Cosmetics. Available from: https://www.ewg.org/what-are-parabens#

Kimszal, J. (2021). What’s the Deal With Parabens?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/are-parabens-bad-for-you-5204132

Watson, K. (2020). What Does Paraben-Free Mean in Beauty Products?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/paraben-free

Millar, H. (2022). What to Know About Methylparaben. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/methylparabens-uses-and-safety

The Enviromental Working Group. (2019). On Cosmetics Safety, U.S. Trails More Than 40 Nations. Available from: https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/cosmetics-safety-us-trails-more-40-nations#

 

The Enviromental Working Group. (2019). What Are Parabens, and Why Don’t They Belong in Cosmetics?. Available from: https://www.ewg.org/what-are-parabens#

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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