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  • Mengenal Pathological Liar, Kebiasaan Suka Berbohong yang Terkait Gangguan Kesehatan Mental

Mengenal Pathological Liar, Kebiasaan Suka Berbohong yang Terkait Gangguan Kesehatan Mental

Mengenal Pathological Liar, Kebiasaan Suka Berbohong yang Terkait Gangguan Kesehatan Mental
Ilustrasi berbohong. | Credit: Freepik

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Setiap orang pasti pernah berbohong setidaknya sekali dalam kehidupannya. Namun jika berbohong sudah menjadi kebiasaan yang sering dilakukan dan mereka terus berbohong tanpa alasan, hal ini bisa menjadi tanda-tanda seseorang menjadi pembohong patologis (pathological liar). Bagaimana mengenali tanda-tandanya dan apakah kondisi ini bisa diobati? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Pathological Liar (Pembohong Patologis)?

Berbohong adalah perilaku umum pada manusia. Ketika seseorang berbohong, sering kali ada alasan yang jelas mengapa mereka melakukannya. Seseorang bisa berbohong dan menggunakannya sebagai alat untuk mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu. Selain itu, seseorang juga dapat menyampaikan kebohongan agar terhindar dari suatu kondisi yang memalukan.

Pembohong patologis umumnya tidak berpikir mengenai alasan mereka mengatakan kebohongan. Mereka tidak peduli akan konsekuensi yang mungkin terjadi akibat kebohongan yang mereka lakukan. Seorang pembohong patologis akan terus berbohong meski orang lain sudah mengetahui kebohongannya.

Kebohongan yang diciptakan terkadang bersifat mewah, berlebihan, dan berubah-ubah seiring berjalannya waktu. Pembohong patologis merupakan pembohong ulung karena mereka terus-menerus berbohong dan mengarang cerita. Bahkan sering kali sangat sulit membedakan pernyataan yang benar dan salah. Karena sangat sering berbohong, hal tersebut bisa berdampak pada kehidupan mereka. Hubungan mereka dengan orang lain bisa retak dan mereka juga dapat kehilangan pekerjaan karena kebohongan yang mereka lakukan.

Baca Juga: Apa yang Harus Dilakukan Orang Tua Ketika Anak Mulai Berbohong?

 

Penyebab Pathological Liar

Penyebab seseorang menjadi pathological liar belum diketahui dengan pasti. Para ahli belum mengetahui apakah berbohong ini merupakan gejala kondisi medis lain atau memang merupakan gangguan mental. Namun kebiasaan berbohong ini sering dikaitkan dengan beberapa masalah mental seperti:

  • Sindrom Munchausen, di mana seseorang bertindak seolah-olah mereka sakit secara fisik atau mental padahal sebenarnya tidak.
  • Gangguan kepribadian, kebohongan patologis dianggap sebagai kemungkinan gejala gangguan kepribadian tertentu seperti:
    • Gangguan kepribadian borderline (BPD), ditandai dengan mengalami perubahan suasana hati yang parah, merasa tidak yakin atau insecure saat melihat diri sendiri, dan perasaan bisa berubah-ubah secara ekstrem.
    • Gangguan kepribadian narsisistik (NPD), yaitu gangguan mental yang membuat pengidapnya merasa perlu untuk dikagumi dan disanjung. 
    • Gangguan kepribadian antisosial (APD), yaitu gangguan di mana seseorang tidak peduli dengan baik dan benar serta mengacuhkan perasaan orang lain  

Baca Juga: Tips Melawan Stigma Negatif Penyakit Mental

 

Tanda-Tanda Pathological Liar

Kebohongan patologis bersifat kompulsif dan mungkin dimulai dari hal kecil. Kebohongan lambat laun bisa menjadi lebih rumit dan dramatis, terutama jika kebohongan itu diperlukan untuk menutupi kebohongan yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Para pembohong patologis akan membuat kebohongan baru yang lebih rumit karena mereka menambahkan terlalu banyak detail dalam cerita yang tidak perlu.

Beberapa tanda lainnya dari pathological liar antara lain:

  • Mengatakan kebohongan tanpa adanya motif atau alasan khusus
  • Berbohong berlebihan bahkan tentang hal-hal yang tidak signifikan
  • Adanya kecenderungan untuk mengatakan hal-hal yang bertentangan dengan hal yang mereka katakan sebelumnya
  • Tidak peduli dengan dampak kebohongan yang sudah diciptakan dan bagaimana kebohongan tersebut memengaruhi orang lain
  • Mungkin menjadi defensif atau marah jika dikonfrontasi meskipun ada bukti

 

Pengobatan Pathological Liar

Belum ada obat khusus untuk mengobati pathological liar. Pilihan terapi meliputi psikoterapi, konseling berulang, atau obat antipsikotik bila perlu. Namun karena pembohong patologis mungkin berbohong kepada terapisnya alih-alih mengatasi perilaku berbohongnya, bisa menimbulkan tantangan tersendiri dalam proses terapi.

Perawatan akan bergantung pada apa yang mereka butuhkan dan respons mereka selama sesi terapi. Dibutuhkan terapis yang berpengalaman untuk mengatasi kasus pasien dengan kebohongan patologis.

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 22 Maret 2024 | 07:10

WebMD Editorial Contributors. (2023). What to Know About Pathological Liars. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-to-know-pathological-liars

Kumar, K., Radhakrishnan, R., (2022). What Is the Difference Between a Pathological Liar and a Compulsive Liar?. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/pathological_liar_vs_a_compulsive_liar/article.htm

Kandola, A. (2019). What to know about pathological liars. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pathological-liars

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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