Sindrom Pramenstruasi: Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasinya

Sindrom Pramenstruasi: Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasinya

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PMS atau premenstrual syndrome adalah kondisi yang mempengaruhi perubahan emosi, kondisi tubuh, dan perubahan tingkah laku beberapa hari sebelum menstruasi.

PMS sangat umum dialami wanita, tidak berbahaya, namun sangat mempengaruhi mood, membuat kelelahan dan terkadang membuat mudah marah. Apa sih yang sebenarnya memicu kondisi tersebut?

Penyebab pastinya tidak diketahui, namun para ilmuwan percaya bahwa perubahan hormonlah yang mempengaruhi kondisi tersebut. Meningkatnya level hormon estrogen dan progesterone memicu perubahan mood, kelelahan dan mudah marah. Dilansir Healthline, beberapa orang bahkan mungkin mengalami depresi karena kondisi PMS ini.

Dilansir NHS, inilah gejala-gejala PMS yang mungkin berbeda-beda manifestasinya pada setiap wanita.

  • Perubahan mood
  • Merasa kelelahan, mudah marah dan mudah kecewa
  • Lelah namun sulit untuk tidur lelap
  • Rasa kembung dan tidak nyaman di dalam perut
  • Payudara melunak
  • Sakit kepala
  • Noda pada kulit wajah
  • Rambut jadi lebih berminyak
  • Perubahan napsu makan

Cara mengatasi PMS

PMS tidak dapat disembuhkan, tetapi ada banyak cara untuk mengatasinya agar tidak sampai mengganggu kegiatan sehari-hari Anda. Dilansir Healthline ini yang bisa Anda lakukan.

  • Minum cukup air untuk mengatasi perut kembung
  • Memperbanyak asupan buah-buahan dan sayuran, serta mengurangi asupan makanan yang tinggi kandungan gula, garam, kafein dan alkohol
  • Minum suplemen asam folat, vitamin B-6, kalsium dan magnesium untuk mengurangi perubahan mood dan kram perut
  • Mengonsumsi vitamin D untuk mengurangi gejala PMS
  • Tidur setidaknya 8 jam sehari agar tidak kelelahan
  • Olahraga ringan untuk mencegah kembung
  • Melakukan aktivitas yang membuat rileks agar tidak stres

Anda juga bisa mengonsumsi obat seperti aspirin atau ibuprofen bila nyeri otot membuat Anda kesulitan beraktivitas atau kesulitan tidur.

Waspada PMDD atau premenstrual dysphoric disorder!

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder adalah kondisi di mana gejala PMS menjadi berat dan mempengaruhi mental. Dilaporkan bahwa 3-8% wanita mengalami PMDD dan disarankan untuk melakukan konsultasi dengan dokter apabila Anda memiliki gejala seperti berikut ini:

  • Depresi selama PMS
  • Terlintas pikiran ingin bunuh diri
  • Panic attacks
  • Kelelahan yang parah
  • Kemarahan yang dipicu perubahan mood
  • Tiba-tiba menangis tanpa penyebab
  • Tidak ingin beraktivitas
  • Insomnia
  • Sulit fokus pada sesuatu hal
  • Makan berlebihan
  • Sakit kram yang sangat mengganggu
  • Kembung

Selain mengonsumsi nutrisi, berolahraga dan tidur cukup, Anda juga bisa mencoba akupunktur atau pijat refleksi untuk membantu merilekskan seluruh otot tubuh. Konsumsi susu putih hangat sebelum tidur untuk membuat Anda lebih rileks dan nyaman sehingga dapat tidur nyenyak.

 

Writer: Agatha

Edited By: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 8-Oct-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Higuera V. PMS: Premenstrual Syndrome (2019). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome.
  2. NHS. PMS: Premenstrual Syndrome. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pre-menstrual-syndrome/.
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6373
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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