Apa Saja Perbedaan Bipolar I dan Bipolar II?

Apa Saja Perbedaan Bipolar I dan Bipolar II?
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Bipolar merupakan gangguan mental dimana penderitanya mengalami mood 'perubahan suasana' hati ekstrem. Pengidap bipolar akan mengalami perubahan emosi drastis dari sangat bahagia (episode mania) menuju depresi. Berdasarkan gejala dan intensitas episode yang dialami, bipolar dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis antara lain bipolar I, bipolar II. Lantas, apa perbedaan antara bipolar I dan II?

 

Perbedaan Antara Bipolar I dan II

Menurut Healthline, ada 4 tipe gangguan bipolar, yaitu bipolar I, bipolar II, siklotimia, dan gangguan bipolar lainnya. Dari keempat tipe tersebut, gangguan bipolar yang paling sering dialami adalah bipolar I dan II. Meski gangguan bipolar I dan II sama-sama melibatkan perubahan suasana hati, namun episode yang dialami pengidap bipolar I berbeda dengan bipolar II.

 

Baca Juga: Gangguan Bipolar: Gejala, Penyebab dan Pengobatan

 

Dilansir dari Medical News Today, istilah bipolar II baru dikenalkan pada tahun 1994. Penggolongan bipolar ini diharapkan dapat lebih mudah untuk menangani pasien. Namun seiring dengan perkembangan kondisi dan temuan di lapangan, para ahli merekomendasikan untuk tidak membedakan bipolar I dan II. Mereka berpendapat akan lebih baik memandang gangguan bipolar sebagai spektrum dengan variasi gejala, pola dan keparahan. Meskipun demikian, hingga saat ini penggolongan bipolar masih banyak digunakan untuk mendiagnosis pasien.

Beberapa perbedaan antara bipolar I dan II antara lain:

 

1. Gejala yang Dialami

Secara umum, pengidap bipolar mengalami 2 episode, yaitu episode mania (bahagia berlebihan) atau hipomania (mania versi yang lebih ringan), dan episode depresi. Pada bipolar I, seseorang setidaknya mengalami 1 kali episode mania, dengan atau tanpa episode depresi. Episode mania, dimana seseorang merasa sangat bersemangat, bahagia dan sangat berenergi merupakan salah satu gejala bipolar I. Episode mania pada bipolar I juga dapat ditunjukkan dengan gejala psikosis seperti halusinasi atau delusi.

Berbeda dengan bipolar II, pasien dapat mengalami setidaknya satu kali episode depresi dan episode hipomania, namun tidak mengalami gejala psikosis seperti halusinasi. Pada pasien bipolar II, depresi seringkali menjadi suasana hati yang dominan dan berlangsung lama. Sebuah riset menunjukkan bahwa pada bipolar I, masa depresi yang dialami hanya sekitar 30% sedangkan pada pasien bipolar II, depresi dapat berlangsung sekitar 50% masa gangguan. Beberapa gejala yang dialami bipolar II antara lain kelelahan yang berlebihan, tidak semangat dan merasa tidak berenergi, putus asa dan serangan kantuk yang tiba-tiba. 

 

2. Penanganan yang Diberikan

Pada bipolar I, pasien mengalami episode mania berupa kegembiraan dan kesenangan yang berlebihan. Suasana hati ini memicu pasien untuk melakukan hal yang tidak rasional dan terkadang dapat merugikan diri sendiri dan orang lain seperti menghabiskan uang dan melakukan hubungan seksual sembarangan. Umumnya, pasien bipolar I yang mengalami episode mania dianjurkan untuk menjalani rawat inap di rumah sakit.

Sementara itu pada bipolar II, pasien tidak mengalami episode mania melainkan episode hipomania. Episode hipomania adalah suasana hati di mana seseorang merasa lebih aktif dan bersemangat melebihi biasanya. Umumnya situasi ini lebih ringan dan tidak terlalu ekstrem seperti episode mania. Pengidap bipolar II biasanya tidak membutuhkan rawat inap, dan dapat diatasi dengan mengonsumsi obat-obatan sesuai anjuran dokter.

Gangguan bipolar hingga kini belum diketahui penyebabnya. Penyakit ini dapat berlangsung dalam jangka waktu yang lama pada setiap pasien. Namun dengan penanganan serta dukungan dari keluarga atau orang-orang terdekat, pasien bipolar dapat menjalani kehidupan dengan normal. Gejala bipolar juga seringkali terjadi tanpa disadari oleh pasien. Oleh karena itu, jika Anda mengalami perubahan suasana hati yang ekstrem maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter agar mendapat penanganan yang tepat.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 07:17

Hoffman, M. (2020). Bipolar II Disorder. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/bipolar-2-disorder

WebMD. (2021). Types of Bipolar Disorder. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/bipolar-disorder-forms#

National Institute of Mental Health. Bipolar Disorder. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-1-vs-bipolar-2

Roland, J. (2019). Bipolar 1 Disorder and Bipolar 2 Disorder: What Are the Differences?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-1-vs-bipolar-2

Radhakrishnan, R. (2021). What Does Bipolar 2 Disorder Look Like?. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_bipolar_ii_disorder_look_like/article.htm

Fletcher, J. (2020). What to Know About Bipolar II Disorder. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319280

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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3856 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10130 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 10130
        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Post
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      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\Models\Admin\Tag
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      App\User
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