Kenali Berbagai Jenis Tes Fungsi Ginjal

Kenali Berbagai Jenis Tes Fungsi Ginjal

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Ginjal adalah salah satu organ tubuh yang memiliki fungsi penting dalam menjaga kesehatan. Salah satu fungsi ginjal adalah menyaring dan membuang racun dari tubuh melalui urin (air seni).

Dilansir Healthline, ginjal juga berperan mengontrol kadar air dan berbagai mineral penting di dalam tubuh, serta penting dalam produksi vitamin D, sel darah merah dan hormon yang mengatur tekanan darah.

Jika ginjal Anda dalam kondisi normal, maka dokter tidak akan melakukan tes fungsi ginjal. Namun, bila ada gejala yang tidak normal dari ginjal, maka dokter akan merekomendasikan tes fungsi ginjal untuk Anda.

Gejala

Gejala apakah yang membuat Anda harus mendapatkan tes fungsi ginjal? Seperti dilansir Healthline, inilah gejala-gejala yang harus Anda waspadai, dan menandakan Anda harus melakukan tes fungsi ginjal:

  • Tekanan darah tinggi.
  • Adanya darah di urin.
  • Keinginan untuk buang air kecil terus-menerus.
  • Kesulitan saat buang air kecil.
  • Rasa sakit saat buang air kecil.
  • Adanya pembengkakan di tangan dan kaki yang disebabkan penumpukan cairan tubuh.

Jenis-jenis tes fungsi ginjal

Ada empat jenis tes fungsi ginjal yang bisa Anda dapatkan. Dilansir Cleveland Clinic, berikut dalah tes fungsi ginjal tersebut:

  • Tes Nitrogen Urea Darah (Blood Urea Nitrogen/BUN)

Merupakan tes yang dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar nitrogen di dalam darah. Jika kadar nitrogen di dalam darah meningkat, ada indikasi kerusakan ginjal.

Selain kerusakan ginjal, tingginya kadar nitrogen di dalam darah juga bisa disebabkan oleh konsumsi obat atau suplemen tertentu. Sehingga beberapa hari sebelum melakukan tes, disarankan untuk menghentikan obat atau suplemen terlebih dahulu agar hasil bacaannya akurat. Nilai normal nitrogen darah (BUN) antara 7-20mg/dL. 

  • Perkiraan Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (Estimated Glomerulus Filtration Rate/eGFR)

Adalah tes yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa baik kerja ginjal dalam menyaring limbah atau racun. Apabila hasil tes menunjukkan angka di bawah 60ml/menit/1.73m2 maka ada indikasi gangguan ginjal.

  • Serum kreatinin

Tes darah ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa apakah ada penumpukan kreatinin di dalam darah. Ginjal juga berfungsi sebagai penyaring kreatinin, ketika jumlah kreatinin dalam darah tinggi, maka menunjukkan adanya masalah pada ginjal.

Menurut National Kidney Foundation (NKF), seperti dilansir Healthline, apabila kadar kreatinin lebih tinggi dari 1,2 mg/dL untuk wanita dan 1,4 mg/dL untuk pria menandakan adanya masalah pada ginjal.

  • Tes urin

Ada dua jenis tes urin yang bisa dilakukan dalam tes fungsi ginjal, yaitu

  • Mikroalbuminuria adalah tes untuk mengetahui kadar albumin (suatu protein) di dalam darah.
  • Urinalisis merupakan tes untuk mengevaluasi urin apakah terdapat darah atau protein dan menilai fungsi ginjal.

Umumnya tes ini akan memakan waktu 24 jam sampai hasilnya keluar.

Jika dari hasil tes didapatkan kelainan pada ginjal atau penyakit ginjal, dokter akan fokus mengobati penyakit yang mendasari kelainan tersebut. Dokter akan meresepkan obat untuk mengontrol tekanan darah apabila tes menunjukkan kelainan ginjal akibat darah tinggi. Anda juga akan disarankan untuk memulai pola hidup sehat. 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 13:13
  1. Cleveland Clinic. Kidney Function Test (2021) Available from : Kidney Function Tests: Types, Results & Follow Up (clevelandclinic.org)
  2. Debra Stang. Kidney Function Tests (2018). Available from :Kidney Function Tests: Purpose, Types, and Procedure (healthline.com)
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6014 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8677 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8677
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new890μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
    2User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        #12025-04-17 06:06:46GET/penyakit/kenali-berbagai-jenis-tes-fungsi-ginjal3112635