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  • Berisiko Menyebabkan Transplantasi Jantung, Kenali Kardiomiopati pada Anak-Anak

Berisiko Menyebabkan Transplantasi Jantung, Kenali Kardiomiopati pada Anak-Anak

Berisiko Menyebabkan Transplantasi Jantung, Kenali Kardiomiopati pada Anak-Anak
Credit: Freepik. Anak-anak dapat mengalami kelainan jantung, salah satunya kardiomiopati.

Bagikan :


Masalah pada jantung dapat dialami semua usia, baik pada anak-anak maupun orang tua. Salah satu masalah serius pada jantung yang bisa dialami anak-anak dan remaja adalah kardiomiopati. Meskipun penyakit ini jarang terjadi, namun ketika anak didiagnosis kardiomiopati, ia memiliki risiko mengalami transplantasi jantung.

 

Apa Itu Kardiomiopati pada Anak?

Kardiomiopati adalah penyakit pada otot jantung yang menyebabkan jantung sulit memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh. Kardiomiopati menyebabkan otot jantung membesar, menebal dan menegang secara tidak normal sehingga jantung tidak dapat memompa darah secara efektif.

Menurut American Heart Association, kardiomiopati anak merupakan masalah jantung serius yang dapat membahayakan nyawa anak. Hampir 40% kardiomiopati pada anak membutuhkan transplantasi jantung dan penyebab kematian tertinggi pada anak akibat masalah jantung.

Jenis kardiomiopati yang dialami anak-anak umumnya adalah kardiomiopati dilatasi, yaitu membesarnya bagian bilik (ventrikel) jantung. Kondisi ini melemahkan otot jantung sehingga jantung akan bekerja lebih keras agar bisa bisa memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh.

 

Penyebab Kardiomiopati pada Anak

Kardiomiopati pada anak dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, baik dari faktor genetik maupun lingkungan. Dilansir dari Healthy Children, kardiomiopati pada anak dapat disebabkan oleh:

  • Faktor keturunan dari salah satu atau kedua orang tua
  • Infeksi virus
  • Racun yang memengaruhi organ tubuh lainnya
  • Pengobatan kemoterapi
  • Sistem metabolik, mitokodria dan penyakit di anggota tubuh lainnya selain jantung

Hubungan antara faktor genetik, lingkungan dan respon terhadap cedera dinding jantung juga memengaruhi risiko terjadinya kardiomiopati. Meskipun telah diketahui beberapa penyebab kardiomiopati pada anak namun hinga saat ini sekitar 2/3 kasus kardiomiopati pada anak belum dapat diketahui penyebabnya dengan pasti.

Apabila Anda atau pasangan memiliki riwayat kerdiomiopati dalam keluarga, maka sebaiknya periksakan kondisi kesehatan jantung anak apabila ia menunjukkan gejala kardiomiopati.

 

Gejala Kardiomiopati pada Anak

Sering kali gejala awal kardiomiopati dianggap sama dengan pilek, asma, flu atau sakit perut. Beberapa anak tidak menunjukkan gejala, namun pada beberapa anak dapat menunjukkan gejala berikut:

  • Sesak napas
  • Pusing dan nyaris pingsan
  • Detak jantung tidak teratur atau detak jantung sangat cepat
  • Perut kembung atau bengkak
  • Nyeri dada
  • Badan terasa mudah lelah

Pada balita, kardiomiopati dapat ditandai dengan berat badan yang kurus, kelelahan hebat, sering berkeringat dan susah menyusu atau makan.

Salah satu risiko kardiomiopati adalah henti jantung mendadak. Jika si kecil menunjukkan gejala nyeri dada atau rasa tidak nyaman selama melakukan aktivitas fisik, mendadak pingsan, kejang, lelah dan detak jantung tidak teratur tanpa penyebab yang jelas maka sebaiknya segera bawa ke rumah sakit untuk mendapat penanganan.

 

Penanganan Kardiomiopati pada Anak

Untuk mendiagnosis kardiomiopati anak, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan elektrikardiogram (EKG) dan beberapa pemeriksaan pendukung lainnya. Jika diperlukan, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan genetik untuk mengetahui penyebab masalah jantung pada anak.

Sampai saat ini belum ada pengobatan untuk mengatasi kardiomiopati. Namun anak-anak pengidap kardiomiopati dapat melakukan pengobatan untuk meminimalisir komplikasi dan risiko akibat kardiomiopati.

Beberapa tindakan yang bisa dilakukan antara lain mengonsumsi obat-obatan, implantasi cardioverter defibrilator dan pembedahan (myektomi). Apabila kombinasi terapi tersebut tidak efektif, dokter dapat merekomendasikan transplantasi jantung.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:40

Rare Disease. Pediatric Cardiomyopathy. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pediatric-cardiomyopathy/#

Lipshultz et al. (2019). Cardiomyopathy in Children: Classification and Diagnosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000682

 

Healthy Children. (2021). Cardiomyopathy in Children & Teens. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/heart/Pages/Pediatric-Cardiomyopathy.aspx

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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8153 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4137 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4137
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10003 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9976 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9976
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9742 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9742
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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