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Familial Hiperkolesterolemia, Kadar LDL Tinggi Akibat Kelainan Sejak Lahir

Familial Hiperkolesterolemia, Kadar LDL Tinggi Akibat Kelainan Sejak Lahir
Credits: Freepik

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Tubuh membutuhkan kolesterol untuk membangun sel-sel yang sehat, namun kadar kolesterol yang terlalu tinggi dapat mengembangkan timbunan lemak di pembuluh darah. Penumpukan tersebut dapat mengganggu aliran darah di dalam arteri yang seiring waktu akan membentuk endapan dan gumpalan penyebab serangan jantung atau strok.

 

Jenis-Jenis Kolesterol dan Bahayanya bagi Tubuh

Kolesterol adalah zat mirip seperti lilin yang dibawa di dalam darah, dan melekat pada protein. Kombinasi ini kemudian disebut lipoprotein.

Ada dua macam jenis kolesterol berdasarkan lipoprotein yang membawanya, yang disebut kolesterol jahat atau disebut LDL dan juga kolesterol baik yang disebut HDL. HDL adalah kolesterol baik yang tidak berbahaya bagi tubuh. Namun jumlah kolesterol jahat (LDL) yang tinggi, dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit ginjal kronis, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, hipotiroid dan juga lupus.

Tingginya kadar kolesterol dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, di antaranya:

  • Pola makan yang buruk
  • Obesitas
  • Kurang aktivitas fisik dan olahraga
  • Kebiasaan merokok
  • Kebiasaan minum minuman beralkohol
  • Usia
  • Genetik

 

Apa itu Familial Hiperkolesterolemia?

Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi dalam darah dikenal dengan istilah hiperkolesterolemia. Kondisi ini bisa disebabkan oleh berbagai hal salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, yang kemudian dikenal dengan istilah familial hiperkolesterolemia (FH).

FH dikategorikan sebagai kelainan bawaan yang mempengaruhi cara tubuh dalam mendaur ulang kolesterol jahat. FH disebabkan oleh mutasi pada gen reseptor kolesterol LDL. Gen tersebut termasuk gen PCSK9 dan gen untuk Apolipoprotein B. Jika Anda mewarisi jenis mutasi tertentu, Anda dapat mengembangkan FH.

FH dapat diturunkan dari salah satu orang tua yang disebut heterozigot, atau dari kedua orang tua yang disebut homozigot.

FH mengakibatkan kadar LDL dalam darah selalu dalam kondisi yang tinggi. Bahkan dalam kondisi yang parah, kadar LDL dalam tubuh bisa mencapai di atas 190 mg/dL.

Pada dasarnya, kolesterol tinggi dapat terjadi pada siapa saja seiring bertambahnya usia. Namun pada orang dengan FH tingkat LDL lebih tinggi dari waktu ke waktu. Keparahan gejala FH bisa berbeda-beda, dan kondisi ini bisa berbahaya karena berisiko menyebabkan penyakit aterosklerosis dini di jantung.

 

Anda dapat membaca selengkapnya mengenai kolesterol pada anak, di sini

 

Ketahui Gejala Familial Hiperkolesterolemia

Kondisi genetik ini menyebabkan Anda memiliki kadar LDL yang tinggi, yang ditandai dengan gejala di antaranya seperti:

  • Rasa nyeri di dada
  • Penumpukan kolesterol yang menyebabkan munculnya benjolan kecil di tangan, lutut, siku dan di sekitar mata
  • Warna kekuningan di sekitar mata (xanthelasma)
  • Adanya garis putih di dekat iris mata

Gejala di atas mungkin tidak selalu muncul dan dirasakan, sehingga Anda akan membutuhkan pemeriksaan laboratorium agar dokter bisa mendiagnosisnya.

Dokter biasanya akan melakukan screening sejak usia anak 2 tahun, terutama bila orang tua memiliki riwayat hiperkolesterolemia. Kemudian saat usia anak mencapai 9-11 tahun dan juga 17-21 tahun, mereka harus mendapatkan pemeriksaan ulang. Diskusikan dengan dokter tentang pengobatan dan perawatan yang diperlukan bila seseorang dalam keluarga Anda mengalami hiperkolesterolemia.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 15:28

Anna Smith (2021). What is familial hypercholesterolemia?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/familial-hypercholesterolemia

Mayo Clinic (2021). High cholesterol. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/symptoms-causes/syc-20350800

American Heart Association (2020). Causes of High Cholesterol. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/causes-of-high-cholesterol

American Heart Association (2020). Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH). Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/causes-of-high-cholesterol/familial-hypercholesterolemia-fh

Dr. Ananya Mandal, MD (2019). What is Hypercholesterolemia?. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Hypercholesterolemia.aspx

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1435 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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        #12025-04-15 08:38:33GET/penyakit/familial-hiperkolesterolemia-kadar-ldl-tinggi-akibat-kelainan-sejak-lahir4102431