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Sama-Sama Penglihatan Kabur, Ini Beda Mata Minus dan Mata Silinder

Sama-Sama Penglihatan Kabur, Ini Beda Mata Minus dan Mata Silinder
Ilustrasi mata minus. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Mata minus dan mata silinder merupakan masalah mata yang paling sering dialami baik anak-anak maupun dewasa. Gejala mata minus dan silinder sekilas tampak sama, namun keduanya sebenarnya merupakan kondisi yang berbeda dan memerlukan penanganan berbeda.

 

Perbedaan Mata Minus (Miopi) dan Mata Silinder (Astigmatisme)

Mata minus juga dikenal dengan istilah miopia atau rabun jauh. Seperti namanya, rabun jauh adalah kondisi dimana seseorang tidak bisa melihat objek yang jauh. Sementara itu, mata silinder atau astigmatisme adalah gangguan pada lensa mata atau kornea mata sehingga cahaya tidak dapat difokuskan dengan benar di retina. Akibatnya, pandangan mata menjadi kabur. 

Mata Minus atau Miopi 

Miopia atau rabun jauh terjadi ketika bentuk mata atau bentuk bagian mata tertentu menyebabkan sinar cahaya membelok atau membias. Normalnya, sinar cahaya seharusnya difokuskan pada jaringan saraf tepat di retina, tetapi akibat kelainan mata minus, cahaya justru difokuskan di depan retina.

Miopia biasanya berkembang selama masa kanak-kanak dan remaja dan menjadi lebih stabil pada usia antara 20-40 tahun. Kondisi ini dapat bersifat genetik atau disebabkan oleh gaya hidup seperti:

  • Sering membaca atau menggunakan gawai jarak dekat
  • Memiliki screen time yang tinggi
  • Jarang menghabiskan waktu di luar ruangan

Tanda-tanda seseorang mengalami mata minus antara lain:

  • Pandangan kabur saat melihat objek jauh
  • Sering menyipitkan mata agar bisa melihat lebih jelas
  • Sakit kepala
  • Mata tegang
  • Sering berkedip atau menggosok mata

Pada anak-anak, gejala ini dapat ditandai dengan kesulitan melihat benda di papan tulis atau tidak menyadari adanya objek yang jauh. Sedangkan, orang dewasa yang mengalami rabun jauh mungkin mengalami kesulitan membaca rambu jalan. Beberapa orang juga dapat mengalami penglihatan kabur dalam cahaya redup seperti saat mengemudi di malam hari, meskipun mereka melihat dengan jelas di siang hari. 

Untuk mengatasi miopia, Anda dapat menggunakan kacamata lensa minus. Karenanya, orang yang mengalami rabun jauh juga dikenal dengan gangguan mata minus. 

Baca Juga: Inilah Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Mata Minus (Miopi)

Mata Silinder atau Astigmatisme

Mata silinder atau astigmatisme adalah kondisi gangguan refraksi mata dimana mata lebih melengkung dari seharusnya. Normalnya, mata berbentuk bulat seperti bola tenis. Namun pada mata astigmatisme, mata lebih melengkung sehingga menyebabkan cahaya membelok tidak rata di retina. Akibatnya penglihatan mata menjadi kabur. Berbeda dengan mata minus, pandangan kabur pada mata silinder juga terjadi ketika melihat objek yang dekat.

Berdasarkan jenisnya, mata silinder dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu:

  • Astigmatisme kornea, yaitu mata silinder yang disebabkan oleh bentuk kornea yang tidak teratur
  • Astigmatisme lentikular, yaitu mata silinder yang disebabkan oleh bentuk lensa mata yang tidak rata 

Sebagian orang bisa mengalami astigmatisme kornea dan lentikular secara bersamaan. 

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Anda Memiliki Mata Silinder (Astigmatisme)

Tanda-tanda mata silinder antara lain:

  • Pandangan kabur sehingga Anda sulit melihat detail pada objek
  • Melihat silau atau lingkaran cahaya di sekitar lampu
  • Menyipitkan mata untuk melihat dengan jelas
  • Sakit kepala
  • Mata tegang

Anak-anak sering kali tidak mengenali gejala astigmatisme. Untuk memastikan diagnosis dan penanganan yang tepat sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter jika anak mengeluh pandangannya kabur termasuk ketika melihat objek dari dekat. 

Untuk mengatasi mata silinder, dokter akan merekomendasikan penggunaan kacamata silinder. Namun cara ini tidak dapat mengubah kelainan bentuk kornea atau lensa mata penyebab mata silinder.

Jika Anda tidak nyaman menggunakan kacamata atau lensa kontak untuk mengatasi mata silinder, dokter dapat merekomendasikan operasi LASIK. Konsultasikan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter mengenai penanganan masalah mata yang Anda alami. 

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store dan Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 8 Oktober 2024 | 13:41

Morales-Brown, L. (2023). What are the differences between astigmatism and myopia?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/astigmatism-vs-nearsightedness

Mayo Clinic. Nearsightedness. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nearsightedness/symptoms-causes/syc-20375556

Turbert, D. (2023). Nearsightedness: What Is Myopia?. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/myopia-nearsightedness

Mayo Clinic. Astigmatism. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/astigmatism/symptoms-causes/syc-20353835#

Boyd, K. (2024). What Is Astigmatism? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-astigmatism

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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