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Bariatric Surgery: Pembedahan Untuk Menurunkan Berat Badan

Bariatric Surgery: Pembedahan Untuk Menurunkan Berat Badan

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Bariatric surgery atau yang disebut juga metabolic surgery adalah metode pembedahan yang digunakan untuk membantu menurunkan berat badan khususnya untuk penderita obesitas.

Dilansir NHS UK, ada beberapa jenis pembedahan yang dilakukan untuk menurunkan berat badan, antara lain:

  • Gastric band adalah prosedur pembedahan yang akan meletakkan benda seperti pita di perut yang berfungsi untuk mencegah makan terlalu banyak.
  • Gastric bypass adalah prosedur pembedahan yang menggabungkan bagian atas perut dengan usus kecil sehingga membuat Anda merasa kenyang lebih cepat dan tidak menyerap banyak kalori dari makanan.
  • Sleeve gastrectomy adalah prosedur pembedahan yang dilakukan dengan mengeluarkan sebagian perut, sehingga Anda tidak bisa makan sebanyak yang Anda lakukan sebelumnya dan membuat Anda merasa lebih cepat kenyang.

Manfaat bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgery umumnya dilakukan untuk membantu mengurangi berat badan, terutama bagi mereka yang berisiko tinggi, seperti adanya penyakit jantung dan stroke, tekanan darah tinggi, penyakit liver, sleep apnea, dan diabetes tipe 2. 

Bariatric surgery diperbolehkan dilakukan kepada pasien yang memenuhi syarat, antara lain:

  • Memiliki Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) lebih tinggi dari 40 atau dalam kondisi obesitas ekstrem.
  • Memiliki Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) antara 35-39,9 namun sedang dalam kondisi penyakit yang serius.

Bariatric surgery tidak diperbolehkan dilakukan untuk setiap orang yang memiliki problem berat badan. Sekalipun memiliki IMT lebih tinggi dari 35, Anda masih tetap harus melakukan konsultasi dan membicarakan prosedurnya dengan dokter.

Risiko pembedahan

Ada beberapa risiko pembedahan yang dapat dialami saat Anda memilih bariatric surgery untuk menurunkan berat badan Anda, antara lain:

  • Pendarahan saat pembedahan dilakulan
  • Infeksi
  • Reaksi terhadap obat bius
  • Pembekuan darah
  • Problem pernapasan
  • Kebocoran di sistem pencernaan
  • Hingga kematian (kasus yang langka)
  • Risiko jangka panjang

Setelah menjalani pembedahan, Anda juga dapat berisiko mengalami beberapa hal berikut:

  • Penyumbatan usus
  • Dumping syndrome yang ditunjukkan dengan gejala diare, muka memerah, pusing, mual dan muntah
  • Batu empedu
  • Hernia
  • Gula darah rendah (hipoglikemia)
  • Malnutrisi
  • Bisul
  • Muntah
  • Refluks asam
  • Kebutuhan operasi tambahan

Tips pola hidup setelah bariatric surgery

Setelah menjalani prosedur pembedahan, ada kalanya hasil yang didapat tak selalu sesuai yang diharapkan. Umumnya kondisi tersebut dipicu oleh kurangnya kedisiplinan Anda menjalani jadwal yang sudah dibuat setelah prosedur pembedahan. Dalam bayangan banyak orang, tak perlu lagi melakukan diet atau pengaturan pola makan setelah operasi, namun sebenarnya operasi hanya membantu sebagai langkah awal saja, untuk memberikan hasil yang maksimal dan jangka panjang Anda harus tetap menjalani pola hidup sehat sebagai berikut:

  • Perubahan pola makan

Mengonsumsi makanan cair atau halus terlebih dahulu selama beberapa minggu setelah menjalani prosedur pembedahan, dan secara bertahap kembali ke pola makan normal.

  • Berolahraga rutin

Ketika Anda sudah pulih dari luka akibat pembedahan, maka Anda tetap harus membuat rencana olahraga untuk menjaga tubuh tetap sehat.

  • Menghadiri janji temu

Setelah menjalani pembedahan, Anda tetap harus rutin menghadiri janji temu dengan dokter untuk memeriksa kondisi pasca pembedahan

Selain itu Anda tidak diperbolehkan untuk hamil setidaknya sampai 12-18 bulan setelah pembedahan. 

 

Untuk menurunkan berat badan, Anda perlu memodifikasi gaya hidup terlebih dahulu, seperti mengubah pola makan dan berolahraga rutin. Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis gizi untuk merencanakan program diet penurunan berat badan Anda. Namun, bila segala cara yang dilakukan tak kunjung berhasil, sebaiknya periksakan diri Anda ke dokter untuk mendapat rekomendasi terapi lanjutan, salah satunya prosedur operasi ini.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 00:12
Tags : bariatric surgery

Mayo Clinic. Bariatric Surgery (2021). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bariatric-surgery/about/pac-20394258.

 

NHS. Weight loss surgery (2020). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/weight-loss-surgery/.

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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-12 02:42:10GET/penyakit/bariatric-surgery-pembedahan-untuk-menurunkan-berat-badan1102533