Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin
Credit: Wallpaper Access. Gambaran sel darah merah.

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Definisi

Pemeriksaaan hemoglobin merupakan pemeriksaan yang dilakukan untuk menghitung konsentrasi atau kadar hemoglobin di dalam darah. Hemoglobin merupakan suatu protein utama di dalam sel darah merah, yang juga dikenal dengan nama eritrosit. Sel darah merah dihasilkan di sumsum tulang belakang. Hemoglobin itu sendiri mengandung zat besi, yang berfungsi untuk mengangkut oksigen ke seluruh organ dan jaringan tubuh. Tidak hanya mengantarkan oksigen, hemoglobin juga membawa kembali karbondioksida dari seluruh organ dan jaringan tubuh menuju organ paru, yang akan dikeluarkan dari tubuh ke lingkungan melalui proses pernapasan. Apabila diketahui bahwa kadar hemoglobin di dalam darah berada di luar rentang kadar yang normal, maka ada kemungkinan bahwa Anda memiliki kelainan darah.

Pemeriksaan hemoglobin umumnya dilakukan bersamaan dengan pemeriksaan darah perifer lengkap atau hitung darah lengkap (seperti pemeriksaan leukosit, trombosit, atau hematokrit).

Pemeriksaan hemoglobin biasanya ditujukan untuk menilai apakah Anda memiliki kondisi medis yang dikenal sebagai anemia. Anemia merupakan kondisi medis yang ditandai dengan ditemukannya kadar hemoglobin di bawah dari rentang normal. Apabila Anda memiliki anemia, maka konsekuensinya tubuh tidak mendapatkan asupan oksigen yang dibutuhkan sehingga tubuh akan merasa lebih mudah lelah, kurang energi, dan masalah lainnya. 

Apabila didapatkan nilai hemoglobin melebihi dari rentang nilai normal, maka kondisi ini dapat dikenal sebagai polisitemia. Polisitemia merupakan kondisi jumlah sel darah merah yang melebihi dari kadar rentang normal.

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan ini biasanya dikerjakan pada beberapa kondisi sebagai berikut, yaitu:

  • Membantu penegakkan diagnosis anemia apabila memiliki keluhan dan tanda klinis yang dicurigai
  • Memantau kadar hemoglobin pada beberapa pasien yang sedang menjalani pengobatan dari kondisi anemia atau polisitemia vera
  • Mengawasi kadar hemoglobin pada penderita infeksi yang berlangsung lama atau yang mengalami perdarahan
  • Sebagai skrining pada orang-orang dengan riwayat penyakit darah yang bisa diwariskan secara genetik
  • Untuk penyaringan atau skrining dalam medical check-up

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kontraindikasi atau kondisi yang membuat seseorang tidak bisa melakukan pemeriksaan ini.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan hemoglobin. Pemeriksaan ini bisa dilakukan dalam keadaan tidak berpuasa. Meskipun demikian, Anda disarankan untuk melakukan konsultasi medis terlebih dahulu kepada dokter sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan hemoglobin sebab ada beberapa kondisi yang dapat menganggu hasil laboratorium sehingga tidak menggambarkan kondisi Anda yang sesungguhnya.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan hemoglobin umumnya menggunakan sampel serum darah sebanyak 0,25 - 0,5 ml. Sampel serum darah ini diambil dari pembuluh darah vena dan akan dikumpulkan ke dalam tabung khusus. Petugas laboratorium akan memakai sarung tangan khusus dan APD (Alat Pelindung Diri) saat mengambil sampel pemeriksaan.

Sebelum mengambil darah, petugas akan memasang pita elastis dan membersihkan area penusukan jarum dengan kasa antiseptik. Biasanya petugas mengambil darah di area lipatan siku. Setelah darah diambil dan dimasukkan ke dalam tabung khusus, petugas akan melepas pita elastis yang terpasang, menekan dan membersihkan area penusukan dengan kasa antiseptik. Prosedur pemeriksaan ini hanya berlangsung selama beberapa menit saja. Sampel darah yang telah didapatkan akan diperiksakan menggunakan alat khusus di laboratorium, dan hasilnya bisa diketahui dalam beberapa jam kemudian.

 

Nilai Normal & Abnormal

Rentang nilai normal hemoglobin dibedakan berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin. Secara umum, berikut ini merupakan rentang nilai normal dan abnormal pada hasil pemeriksaan hemoglobin.

 

Laki- laki Dewasa

Nilai (mg/dL)

Interpretasi

<14

Rendah

14 – 18,5

Normal

>18,5

Tinggi

 

Perempuan Dewasa

Nilai (mg/dL)

Interpretasi

<12

Rendah

12 – 16,5

Normal

>16,5

Tinggi

 

Anak-anak

Nilai (mg/dL)

Interpretasi

<9,5

Rendah

9,5 – 14

Normal

>14

Tinggi

 

Bayi atau Neonatus (Bayi Baru Lahir)

Nilai (mg/dL)

Interpretasi

<12

Rendah

12 – 20

Normal

>20

Tinggi

 

Meskipun demikian, setiap laboratorium memiliki rentang nilai yang sedikit berbeda antara satu laboratorium dengan laboratorium lainnya sebab bergantung pada alat atau mesin yang digunakannya.

 

Hasil & Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Rendah

Jika hasil pemeriksaan hemoglobin Anda menunjukkan nilai rendah, sebaiknya Anda berkonsultasi dengan dokter. Kadar hemoglobin yang rendah diartikan sebagai anemia. Anemia merupakan kondisi medis yang ditandai dengan kadar hemoglobin yang kurang dari normal dalam mengangkut oksigen ke jaringan tubuh sesuai kebutuhan. Anemia dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu akibat produksi sel darah merah yang rendah, atau laju kehilangan sel darah merah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan laju produksinya di sumsum tulang belakang.

Kondisi medis yang dapat ditemukan pada kelompok produksi sel darah merah yang rendah antara lain:

  • Kekurangan beberapa nutrisi seperti:
  • Anemia relatif pada beberapa kondisi seperti:
    • Overhidrasi (kandungan air di dalam tubuh melebihi rentang normal)
    • Kehamilan
    • Pada astronot setelah penerbangannya
  • Anemia akibat penyakit kronis
  • Penyakit ginjal
  • Gangguan liver
  • Penyakit endokrin
  • Anemia aplastik, kondisi ketika sumsum tulang tidak bisa menghasilkan sel darah baru dalam jumlah yang cukup
  • Anemia sideroblastik, gangguan yang membuat sumsum tulang tidak bisa menghasilkan sel darah merah yang normal

Kondisi medis yang dapat ditemukan pada kondisi tubuh dimana laju kehilangan sel darah merah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan laju produksi sel darah merah di sumsum tulang belakang antara lain:

  • Perdarahan
  • Kelainan hemoglobin (contohnya thalassemia)
  • Kerusakan sel darah merah 

Meskipun nilai hemoglobin menunjukkan nilai yang rendah, Anda tidak disarankan untuk melakukan diagnosis medis sendiri sehingga perlu datang ke dokter untuk melakukan konsultasi dan pemeriksaan fisis apabila ada keluhan dan tanda tertentu.

 

Normal

Jika hasil pemeriksaan hemoglobin Anda menunjukkan nilai normal, kemungkinan besar Anda telah menjalankan pola hidup sehat dengan baik. Anda disarankan untuk tetap mempertahankan pola hidup sehat Anda saat ini sehingga dapat mencegah beberapa penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya anemia (kekurangan sel darah merah) atau polisitemia (kelebihan sel darah merah).

 

Tinggi

Jika hasil pemeriksaan hemoglobin Anda menunjukkan nilai tinggi, sebaiknya Anda berkonsultasi dengan dokter. Kemungkinan dokter akan menyarankan perubahan pola makan dan gaya hidup menjadi lebih sehat, atau bahkan juga memulai terapi obat untuk membantu menurunkan nilai hemoglobin Anda.

Kadar hemoglobin yang tinggi dapat menjadi indikasi terjadinya polisitemia. Polisitemia merupakan kondisi medis berupa jumlah sel darah merah yang meningkat di dalam tubuh. Kondisi medis yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya polisitemia adalah:

  • Kekurangan kadar oksigen di dalam tubuh (hipoksia)
  • Gangguan produksi hormon eritropoietin (hormon ini berperan dalam stimulasi produksi sel darah merah)
  • Polisitemia vera
  • Polisitemia relatif, yang dapat terjadi akibat volume darah yang menurun meskipun jumlah sel darah merah tidak meningkat, dapat ditemukan pada:
    • Dehidrasi, kekurangan air di dalam tubuh
    • Sedang mengonsumsi obat-obatan diuretik yang membuat Anda sering buang air kecil atau berkemih
    • Tinggal di pegunungan atau tempat yang tinggi
    • Perokok berat
    • Muntah yang berlebihan
    • Olahraga berat

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Hasil pemeriksaan hemoglobin pada orang dewasa dapat dikonsultasikan dengan dokter umum, untuk selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan ataupun memulai terapi untuk diagnosis yang sesuai. Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter penyakit dalam atau konsultan hematologi-onkologi untuk berdiskusi mengenai masalah hemoglobin Anda lebih jauh. Pada pasien anak, hasil pemeriksaan selain normal harus dikonsultasikan dengan dokter spesialis anak.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Apri Haryono Hafid
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 07:20

Medscape. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb). 2019 November. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2085614-overview#a1

Mayo Clinic. Hemoglobin test. 2022 Februari. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemoglobin-test/about/pac-20385075

Medline Plus. Hemoglobin test. 2022 April. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-test/

Cleveland Clinic. Hemoglobin test. 2018 December. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17790-hemoglobin-test

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    • WebController.php#748aicare_prod_new1.88msselect `healthpedia`.*, `healthpedia_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `healthpedia_post`.`healthpedia_id` as `pivot_healthpedia_id`, `healthpedia_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `healthpedia_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `healthpedia` inner join `healthpedia_post` on `healthpedia`.`id` = `healthpedia_post`.`healthpedia_id` where `healthpedia_post`.`post_id` = 3310 and `healthpedia`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3310
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:748
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#751aicare_prod_new890μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 31 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:751
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#779aicare_prod_new12.53msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 893 where `id` = 3310
      Bindings
      • 0: 893
      • 1: 3310
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new5.64msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 3310, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-10 05:42:59', '2025-04-10 05:42:59')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 3310
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-10 05:42:59
      • 8: 2025-04-10 05:42:59
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.32msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 35 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 35
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.69msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6378 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6378
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3909 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3909
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7354 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7354
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9607 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9607
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7486 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7486
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 26 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 26
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.17msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2539 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2539
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6792 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6792
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6810 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6810
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6703 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6703
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6659 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6659
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.01msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new880μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.24msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        status_text
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        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "cSjiZ9MkGXRAq7up7clP0rbUZWOSHoR53DnGusfX" "laravel_session" => "CjQip2q49lHcTRNmNS9qHL71erANxW2tvJJLHAnE" ]
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