Efavirenz

Efavirenz
Credit: Mims. Evafirenz adalah obat yang bekerja dengan mengurangi kadar virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) di dalam darah.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Avonza, Eltvir-S, Telavir, Tenolam, Telura, Viranz.

 

Cara Kerja

Evafirenz adalah obat yang bekerja dengan mengurangi kadar virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) di dalam darah. Obat ini akan menghambat aktivitas enzim yang berperan dalam perbanyakan virus HIV-1. Materi genetik DNA dari virus tidak akan terbentuk sehingga HIV tidak akan semakin banyak.

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan sebagai salah satu pengobatan infeksi virus HIV dan bisa dikombinasikan dengan obat antiretroviral lain. Efavirenz bisa membantu sistem kekebalan tubuh bekerja lebih baik dengan menurunkan kadar virus HIV di dalam tubuh.

 

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat beberapa kondisi medis tertentu yang membuat pasien HIV tidak dapat menggunakan obat ini, yaitu:

  • Alergi atau riwayat hipersensitivitas.
  • Riwayat mengalami reaksi kulit berlebihan seperti sindrom Stevens Johnson (ruam kulit dan pengelupasan kulit yang menyakitkan).
  • Riwayat keluarga mengalami kematian mendadak.
  • Gangguan irama jantung.
  • Gagal jantung.
  • Ketidakseimbangan elektrolit.
  • Gangguan hati berat.
  • Ibu hamil trimester pertama.
  • Ibu menyusui,

Beri tahu dokter juga terkait pengobatan yang sedang Anda jalani karena ada beberapa obat yang menjadi kontraindikasi diberikannya efavirenz.

 

Efek Samping

Berikut ini adalah efek samping yang paling sering terjadi setelah menggunakan obat ini, antara lain:

  • Pusing
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Mengantuk
  • Konsentrasi terganggu
  • Kelelahan
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Diare

Selain itu, terdapat juga efek samping fatal yang dapat terjadi selama menggunakan obat ini, yaitu:

  • Kejang
  • Penurunan kesadaran
  • Sindrom Stevens Johnson
  • Hepatitis (peradangan hati) yang dapat berkembang menjadi gagal hati
  • Percobaan bunuh diri

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet 600 mg dan kapsul 200 mg yang dikombinasikan dengan obat lain.

 

Dosis

Dosis obat berdasarkan usia pasien yaitu:

  • Dewasa, dosis evafirenz yang dikombinasikan dengan obat pengontrol infeksi HIV jenis lainnya yaitu sebesar 600 mg sebanyak 1 kali sehari. Obat sebaiknya diminum sebelum tidur dalam 2-4 minggu pertama.
  • Anak, Efavirenz dapat diberikan pada usia >3 bulan hingga 17 tahun. Obat dikombinasikan dengan obat antiretroviral lain. Dosis obat diminum sekali sehari sebelum tidur dan diberikan berdasarkan berat badan (BB) seperti di bawah ini:
    • BB 3,5 sampai <5 kg dosis obat 100 mg
    • BB 5 sampai <7,5 kg dosis obat 150 mg
    • BB 7,5 sampai <15 kg dosis obat 200 mg
    • BB 15 sampai <20 kg dosis obat 250 mg
    • BB 20 sampai <25 kg dosis obat 300 mg
    • BB 25 sampai <32,5 kg dosis obat 350 mg
    • BB 32,5 sampai <40 kg dosis obat 400 mg
    • BB >40 kg dosis obat sama dengan dewasa

 

Keamanan

Berdasarkan FDA (Food and Drug Administration) obat ini termasuk kategori D. Terdapat bukti positif obat ini menimbulkan risiko dan gangguan terhadap janin manusia terutama jika digunakan saat awal kehamilan. Sehingga penggunaan evafirenz selama kehamilan trimester pertama sangat dihindari.

Evafirenz juga diketahui dapat masuk ke dalam ASI. Obat ini juga tidak menimbulkan risiko berbahaya pada bayi yang mendapat ASI. Namun penggunaan obat ini selama menyusui tetap tidak direkomendasikan.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Jika berinteraksi dengan evafirenz, konsentrasi beberapa obat dalam darah dapat menurun seperti obat:
    • Antijamur voriconazole.
    • Antituberkulosis rifampisin.
    • Penurun tekanan darah nifedipin.
    • Penurun kolesterol (atorvastatin, simvastatin).
    • Obat penekan sistem daya tahan tubuh (ciclosporin, tacrolimus).
  • Dapat mengganggu efektivitas obat pengencer darah warfarin.
  • Jika berinteraksi dengan evafirenz, konsentrasi beberapa obat dalam darah dapat meningkat, sehingga risiko terjadinya gangguan irama jantung yang bisa mengancam nyawa dapat meningkat. Obat-obat tersebut di antaranya:
    • Obat pengontrol irama jantung.
    • Antibiotik (eritromisin, ciprofloxacin).
    • Antijamur imidazole.
    • Antialergi terfenadine.
    • Antimalaria (atovaquone/proguanil).

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 17:32

Efavirenz  – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/efavirenz?mtype=generic

Efavirenz  – BPOM. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/efavirenz

Efavirenz Capsule -Uses, Side Effects, and More  – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16569/efavirenz-oral/details

Efavirenz (Oral Route)  - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/efavirenz-oral-route/precautions/drg-20066843?p=1

Efavirenz  – Medlineplus. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a699004.html

Efavirenz Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings  – drugs.com. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/efavirenz.html

Jessica, CL., Hasan, A. (2022). Pregnancy Medication (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing. From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507858/

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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