Duloxetine

Duloxetine
Credit: Tel Aviv Pharm. Obat ini bekerja dengan menghambat penyerapan kembali senyawa serotonin, norepinefrin dan dopamin pada sistem saraf pusat.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Merek dagang dari obat ini adalah Duloxta dan Cymbalta.

 

Cara Kerja

Obat ini bekerja dengan menghambat penyerapan kembali senyawa serotonin, norepinefrin dan dopamin pada sistem saraf pusat. Diharapkan kadar ketiga senyawa kimia ini dapat meningkat dan seimbang. Diketahui bahwa senyawa ini memiliki peran dalam regulasi suasana hati.

Pada pasien yang mengalami depresi, terjadi ketidakseimbangan dan kekurangan dari ketiga senyawa ini yang berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya gejala seperti kehilangan minat dan perubahan suasana hati. Penggunaan obat ini bertujuan untuk menyeimbangkan ketiga senyawa tersebut untuk membantu meringankan gejala depresi.

 

Indikasi

Duloxetine dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan beberapa penyakit seperti di bawah ini:

 

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat beberapa kondisi medis tertentu yang tidak dapat menggunakan obat ini yaitu:

  • Gangguan hati.
  • Gangguan ginjal berat.
  • Glaukoma sudut sempit.
  • Riwayat memiliki penyakit tekanan darah tinggi yang tidak terkontrol obat.
  • Alergi terhadap duloxetine atau komponennya.
  • Sedang dalam terapi atau baru saja berhenti pengobatan dengan antidepresan golongan MAOI dalam 2 minggu terakhir.

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang umum terjadi dari penggunaan obat ini adalah:

  • Mengantuk
  • Mual
  • Sembelit
  • Nafsu makan menurun
  • Mulut kering
  • Keringat berlebih
  • Pusing
  • Kelelahan
  • Nyeri ulu hati
  • Perubahan libido
  • Gangguan tidur

Terdapat juga efek samping fatal yang dapat terjadi dan perlu diwaspadai seperti pingsan, kadar natrium rendah dalam darah (hiponatremia), gangguan hati dengan ada atau tidak adanya gejala kuning (ikterik) pada seluruh tubuh, serta keinginan bunuh diri.

 

Sediaan

Duloxetine tersedia dalam bentuk kapsul 30 mg dan 60 mg.

 

Dosis

Dosis obat dapat bervariasi sesuai dengan tujuan pengobatan seperti di bawah ini:

  • Depresi: Dosis untuk orang dewasa dimulai dari 20-30 mg dua kali sehari atau 60 mg diminum satu kali sehari. Dosis obat bisa ditingkatkan sekitar 30 mg per hari selama 1 minggu tergantung respon pasien. 
  • Gangguan cemas: Dosis obat sebesar 30 mg atau 60 mg satu kali sehari.
  • Neuropati diabetik: Dosis obat yang digunakan adalah 60 mg satu kali sehari. 
  • Fibromyalgia: Dosis awal sebesar 30 mg per hari selama 1 minggu. Kemudian dosis dapat dinaikkan menjadi 60 mg per hari.

Dosis maksimal obat adalah 120 mg per hari.

 

Keamanan

Berdasarkan FDA (Food and Drug Administration), obat ini masuk dalam kategori C. Artinya, belum terdapat data yang cukup mengenai keamanan duloxetin terhadap perkembangan janin manusia. Akan tetapi, pada hewan percobaan menunjukkan adanya risiko, efek dan gangguan perkembangan pada janin. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan obat ini pada wanita hamil tidak direkomendasikan.

Sedangkan pada ibu menyusui, obat ini dapat masuk ke dalam ASI. Informasikan kepada dokter bahwa Anda sedang menyusui dan konsultasikan lebih lanjut. Jika harus menggunakan obat ini selama menyusui maka terdapat beberapa komponen yang perlu dipantau pada bayi seperti perkembangannya, berat badan, bila terdapat perubahan pola tidur dan makan.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Risiko terjadinya sindrom serotonin (peningkatan kadar serotonin disertai dengan gejala yang dapat mengancam nyawa seperti demam tinggi, kejang, tremor, detak jantung tidak beraturan dan penurunan kesadaran) dapat meningkat bila duloxetine berinteraksi dengan:
    • Golongan obat antidepresi lain seperti golongan trisiklik atau SSRI
    • Obat mood stabilizer (lithium) 
  • Risiko terjadinya perdarahan meningkat jika digunakan bersama obat pengencer darah (aspirin, warfarin) dan antinyeri (NSAIDS).
  • Kadar duloxetin dan risiko terjadinya efek samping bisa meningkat apabila digunakan dengan antibiotik (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin).

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 22:34

Dhaliwal, JS., Spurling, BC., Molla, M. (2022). Duloxetine (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing. From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549806/

Duloxetine  – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/duloxetine?mtype=generic

Duloxetine – NHSUK. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/duloxetine/

Duloxetine (Oral Route)  - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/duloxetine-oral-route/description/drg-20067247

Duloxetine  – drugs.com. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.drugs.com/duloxetine.html

Duloxetine 60 mg Capsules, Delayed Released Sprinkle -Uses, Side Effects, and More  – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-91490-2114/duloxetine-oral/duloxetine-sprinkle-capsule-oral/details

Jessica, CL., Hasan, A. (2022). Pregnancy Medication (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing. From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507858/

Serotonin Syndrome  - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/serotonin-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354758

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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