Darunavir

Darunavir
Credit: Laboratorios Legrand.

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Brand/Nama Lain

Nama dagang dari obat ini yang dapat ditemui di pasaran adalah Prezista.

 

Cara Kerja

Darunavir merupakan antivirus yang bekerja dengan menghambat proses replikasi (perbanyakan komponen) dari virus HIV-1. Obat ini juga menghambat enzim protease (berperan untuk memecah dan mencerna protein) dari virus, membuat virus menjadi tidak infeksius dan menurunkan jumlah HIV dalam darah. Darunavir biasanya diberikan bersama obat-obatan lain untuk meningkatkan efek terapi HIV. Darunavir hanya boleh diberikan pada orang dewasa dan anak-anak yang telah berusia di atas 3 tahun.

 

Indikasi

Darunavir diberikan dengan obat lain sebagai terapi HIV. ini digunakan pada pasien yang mengalami penyakit HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) baik pada anak maupun dewasa. Walaupun obat ini tidak bisa sepenuhnya menyembuhkan infeksi HIV, darunavir bisa menurunkan kemungkinan pasien HIV mengalami:

  • Infeksi HIV berkembang menjadi AIDS
  • Infeksi serius atau kanker
  • Mengurangi risiko menularkan HIV ke orang lain

 

Kontraindikasi

Obat ini tidak dapat digunakan pada beberapa kondisi medis tertentu dan kelompok tertentu seperti berikut:

  • Memiliki riwayat alergi berat dengan darunavir
  • Gangguan hati berat
  • Ibu menyusui
  • Sedang mengonsumsi obat kejang seperti karbamazepin, fenitoin, atau fenobarbital

 

Efek Samping

Terdapat beberapa efek samping yang bisa timbul setelah mengonsumsi obat ini, yaitu:

  • Gejala saluran cerna (diare, mual dan muntah, nyeri ulu hati, nyeri perut)
  • Pusing
  • Insomnia
  • Kelelahan
  • Sakit kepala
  • Kemerahan pada kulit
  • Anemia
  • Redistribusi lemak di beberapa bagian tubuh (bawah leher, wajah, ekstremitas, dada, dll.)

Bisa timbul juga efek samping yang fatal dan memerlukan terapi dari dokter, yaitu:

  • Hepatitis (peradangan pada hati)
  • Reaksi alergi berat (sesak napas, bengkak di wajah atau tenggorokan, ruam kemerahan di seluruh tubuh)

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet 300 mg. Di luar negeri, terdapat sediaan tablet 600 mg dan 800 mg.

 

Dosis

Dosis obat ini bisa berbeda pada beragam pasien. Informasi dosis di bawah ini merujuk pada dosis rerata dari obat ini. Jumlah dosis yang diambil dan lama pengobatan tergantung dari kondisi medis Anda.

Dewasa

  • Belum pernah mendapat pengobatan

Dosis obat 800 mg sekali sehari dan dikombinasikan dengan antivirus ritonavir 100 mg atau cobicistat 150 mg.

  • Sudah mendapat pengobatan dengan obat DRV-RAM

Dosis obat 600 mg 2 kali sehari, dikombinasikan bersama ritonavir 100 mg.

Anak-Anak (3 - 17 Tahun)

  • Belum pernah mendapat pengobatan
    • Berat badan >15 - <30 kg dosis obat 600 mg sekali sehari.
    • Berat badan >30 - <40 kg dosis obat 675 mg sekali sehari.
    • Berat badan >40 kg dosis obat 800 mg sekali sehari.

Pengobatan dikombinasikan dengan ritonavir 100 mg.

  • Sudah mendapat pengobatan dengan obat DRV-RAM
    • Berat badan >15 - <30 kg dosis obat 375 mg dua kali sehari.
    • Berat badan >30 - <40 kg dosis obat 450 mg dua kali sehari.
    • Berat badan >40 kg dosis obat 600 mg dua kali sekali.

Pengobatan dikombinasikan dengan ritonavir 50 mg.

 

Keamanan

Obat ini tergolong dalam kategori C dari FDA. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan pada hewan uji coba, masih belum ada bukti bahwa obat menimbulkan efek yang berbahaya pada janin. Darunavir bisa digunakan bersama ritonavir selama kehamilan bila manfaat dari obat ditimbang lebih tinggi dibandingkan risiko yang dapat timbul. Obat ini tidak direkomendasikan untuk dikonsumsi oleh ibu menyusui. Masih belum diketahui bila darunavir dikeluarkan juga dari ASI.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Peningkatan kadar darunavir bila digunakan dengan obat:
    • Antijamur ketokonazol, klotrimazol
    • Antivirus indinavir
  • Penurunan kadar darunavir bila digunakan bersama obat:
    • Antituberkulosis rifampisin
    • Antivirus lopinavir

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 15:26

Darunavir – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/darunavir?mtype=generic

Darunavir – MedlinePlus. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a607042.html

Darunavir -Uses, Side Effects and More – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144580/darunavir-ethanolate-oral/details

Darunavir (Oral Route) - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/darunavir-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20069827?p=1

Prezista Side Effects Center – Rxlist. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.rxlist.com/prezista-side-effects-drug-center.htm

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6160 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6160
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7960 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7960
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6312 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6312
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4587 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4587
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6023 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2957
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2838 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2838
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6851 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6851
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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