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  • Makanan dan Minuman yang Sebaiknya Tak Diberikan Pada Anak di Bawah Usia 2 Tahun

Makanan dan Minuman yang Sebaiknya Tak Diberikan Pada Anak di Bawah Usia 2 Tahun

Makanan dan Minuman yang Sebaiknya Tak Diberikan Pada Anak di Bawah Usia 2 Tahun

Bagikan :


Bicara soal kebutuhan nutrisi anak sebenarnya tak jauh berbeda dengan orang dewasa. Hanya saja, ada beberapa jenis makanan dan minuman yang sebaiknya tidak diberikan atau dibatasi jumlah porsinya bila dikonsumsi anak di bawah usia 2 tahun.

Gula dan garam misalnya, adalah dua bahan yang sebaiknya tidak perlu ditambahkan pada makanan anak. Menurut jurnal yang ditulis Simonetta Genovesi (2021) tentang konsumsi gula dan garam pada anak-anak, dikatakan bahwa secara khusus asupan garam dan gula yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan hipertensi pada anak-anak terutama mereka yang memiliki problem kelebihan berat badan. Asupan makanan tinggi gula dan garam pada anak-anak saat ini sebenarnya jauh lebih tinggi dari yang telah direkomendasikan oleh lembaga kesehatan.

Kebiasaan makan yang benar sangat dibutuhkan dan sangat penting untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan nondrug hipertensi esensial baik anak-anak maupun remaja.

CDC, merekomendasikan untuk menghindari atau membatasi beberapa jenis makanan dan minuman berikut, terutama pada anak di bawah usia 2 tahun:

Madu

Anak-anak di bawah usia 12 bulan, disarankan tidak mengonsumsi madu karena madu dapat menyebabkan jenis keracunan makanan yang serius yang disebut botulisme. Hindari memberikan makanan apapun yang mengandung madu termasuk yogurt dengan madu, sereal dengan madu, atau kerupuk madu.

Menurut Kidshealth, inilah tanda-tanda ketika bayi mengalami keracunan madu:

  • Sembelit (yang biasanya menjadi penanda pertama)
  • Kelemahan pada otot wajah
  • Tangisan yang melemah
  • Kelemahan pada otot lengan, kaki dan leher
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Kesulitan menelan dan bayi seringkali mengeluarkan air liur

Apabila terdapat tanda-tanda di atas, maka segera cari pertolongan pertama di rumah sakit.

Minuman atau makanan yang tidak dipasteurisasi

Minuman atau makanan yang tidak melalui proses pasteurisasi seperti jus, susu kemasan, yogurt atau keju berisiko menyebabkan anak terindeksi bakteri berbahaya yang menyebabkan diare parah.

Makanan dengan gula tambahan

Makanan dengan gula tambahan, mengandung pemanis rendah kalori atau pemanis tanpa kalori tidak dianjurkan diberikan pada anak-anak di bawah usia 24 bulan. Tingginya asupan gula pada anak-anak meningkatkan risiko diabetes dan obesitas yang berbahaya bagi segala aspek kesehatan anak.

Dilansir NHS UK, berikut adalah panduan konsumsi gula pada anak-anak

  • Anak di bawah usia 4 tahun - sebaiknya tidak diberikan konsumsi makanan atau minuman yang mengandung gula tambahan
  • Anak usia 4-6 tahun - sebaiknya tidak mengonsumsi lebih dari 19 gram gula per hari
  • Anak usia 7-10 tahun - sebaiknya tidak mengonsumsi lebih dari 24 gram gula per hari

Minuman dengan pemanis tambahan

Minuman dengan pemanis tambahan seperti soda, minuman ringan, susu beraroma, minuman olahraga, air beraroma dengan gula atau jus buah yang mengandung tambahan gula sebaiknya tidak diberikan pada anak-anak di bawah usia 2 tahun. Sama halnya dengan makanan, minuman tinggi gula dapat meningkatkan risiko diabetes dan obesitas.

Makanan tinggi garam

Makanan tinggi kandungan garam (natrium) seperti makanan kaleng, daging olahan (sosis, hor dog, ham), dan makan malam beku harus dihindari. Beberapa makanan ringan dan makanan balita kemasan yang dibeli di toko juga mengandung banyak garam. CDC menganjurkan untuk memeriksa ulang label di balik kemasan pada saat membeli camilan untuk anak-anak.

Susu sapi

Susu sapi sebaiknya tidak diberikan pada anak di bawah usia 12 bulan karena berisiko menyebabkan anak mengalami perdarahan usus. Terlalu banyak protein dan mineral yang terkandung di dalam susu sapi belum dapat dicerna sempurna oleh ginjal bayi. Ginjal bayi dapat bekerja terlalu keras ketika menghadapi asupan protein dan mineral yang terlalu tinggi sehingga risiko perdarahan sangat mungkin terjadi.

Jus buah atau sayur

Jus buah atau sayur sebaiknya tidak diberikan pada anak di bawah usia 12 bulan. Kebutuhan anak-anak akan sayur dan buah tidak sebanyak orang dewasa, sehingga porsinya juga harus disesuaikan. Selain itu, jus buah kemasan umumnya mengandung tambahan gula atau pemanis yang dapat berbahaya bagi anak.

Minuman berkafein

Kafein adalah stimulan, lebih dari itu ia didefinisikan sebagai obat karena memiliki efek fisiologis pada tubuh dan dapat mempengaruhi fungsi tubuh. Menurut Familydoctor, konsumsi kafein pada anak-anak dapat menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah dan mengganggu tidur anak sehingga membuat anak kurang sadar akan rasa lelahnya. Akibatnya, suasana hati mereka akan terpengaruhi dan meningkatkan kecemasan yang dialami.

Beberapa anak bahkan mengalami sakit kepala akibat konsumsi kafein.

 

Bicara soal konsumsi makanan dan minuman anak di bawah usia 2 tahun memang tidak mudah. Apabila anak Anda termasuk picky eater dan Anda sedang berusaha membujuknya dengan berbagai cara, atau anak tidak mengalami kenaikan berat badan seperti panduan WHO, maka sebaiknya konsultasikan dengan dokter anak, alih-alih membujuknya dengan makanan minuman manis atau asin yang dapat berbahaya bagi kesehatannya.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:25

CDC (2021). Foods and Drinks to Avoid or Limit. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/foods-and-drinks-to-limit.html

Simonetta Genovesi, Marco Giussani, Antonina Orlando, Francesca Orgiu, dan Gianfranco Parati (2021). Salt and Sugar: Two Enemies of Healthy Blood Pressure in Children. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927006/

Kids Health (2020). Infant Botulism. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/botulism.html

NHS UK (2020). Sugar: the facts. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/how-does-sugar-in-our-diet-affect-our-health/

Family Doctor (2020). Caffeine and Kids. Available from: https://familydoctor.org/caffeine-and-kids

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1113 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1113
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.07msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 3 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9912 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9912
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 453 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 912
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6377
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2487 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2487
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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