Neuropati Optik

Neuropati Optik

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Definisi

Neuropati optik adalah komplikasi yang terjadi pada mata dan disebabkan oleh penekanan saraf mata atau pembuluh darah yang memperdarahi saraf mata. Penekanan saraf dapat disebabkan oleh bola mata yang semakin membesar. Pada keadaan yang lebih berat, neuropati optik dapat menyebabkan kebutaan jika tidak ditangani segera. Gejala gangguan penglihatan dapat terjadi pada satu atau kedua mata.

 

Penyebab

Neuropati optik dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa keadaan, seperti:

  • Neuropati optik iskemik

Keadaan ini disebabkan oleh peredaran darah yang tidak lancar pada satu atau kedua mata. Peredaran darah yang tidak lancar dapat menyebabkan terhalangnya nutrisi atau oksigen yang dibutuhkan oleh saraf mata untuk. Keadaan ini dapat disebabkan oleh efek samping dari penggunaan obat sildenafil.

  • Neuritis optik

Merupakan keadaan inflamasi pada saraf mata. Gejala yang dapat dikeluhkan dari neuritis optik adalah nyeri pada saat menggerakkan bola mata dan adanya kesulitan dalam melihat yang bersifat temporer atau sementara. Neuritis optik dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa penyakit seperti lupus atau multiple sclerosis. 

  • Neuropati optik inflamatori

Keadaan inflamasi pada saraf mata, dapat disebabkan oleh proses infeksi dan penyakit autoimun.

  • Neuropati optik kompresi

Keadaan di mana terdapat penekanan yang mengenai saraf mata baik berasal dari dalam maupun luar tubuh. Hal ini menyebabkan rusaknya saraf mata dan menimbulkan kerusakan yang permanen. 

  • Kelainan Kongenital

Kelainan kongenital yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada saraf mata adalah koloboma. Gejala yang dialami dapat berada di satu atau kedua mata.

  • Penyebab metabolik dan obat

Beberapa zat yang diketahui dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada saraf mata adalah ethambutol, isoniazid, amiodarone, tamoxifen, dan isoretinoin. 

  • Trauma

Jika neuropati optik disebabkan oleh trauma di mata ataupun kepala, keadaan ini adalah keadaan serius yang dapat membahayakan dan menimbulkan kerusakan yang permanen pada mata. Tampak luar dari mata dapat terlihat tenang. 

 

Faktor Risiko

Terdapat beberapa keadaan yang dapat membuat seseorang lebih rentan untuk terkena neuropati optik yaitu:

  1. Tekanan darah tinggi.
  2. Diabetes mellitus.
  3. Merokok.
  4. Glaukoma.
  5. Usia diatas 50 tahun.
  6. Mempunyai riwayat migrain.
  7. Pembengkakan pada pembuluh darah di kepala (temporal arteritis).

 

Gejala

Gejala yang dapat dialami oleh seseorang dengan gangguan saraf pada mata adalah sebagai berikut:

  1. Gangguan penglihatan, dapat terjadi pada satu atau kedua mata. Neuropati optik dapat mengenai penglihatan bagian samping atau pada bagian tengah dari lapang pandang. Gangguan penglihatan yang terjadi dapat bersifat permanen karena kerusakan pada saraf mata tidak dapat diobati. 
  2. Terdapat penurunan dalam melihat saturasi warna atau kejelasan warna.
  3. Penurunan fungsi mata dalam menerima cahaya. Pandangan akan cenderung tampak lebih gelap.

 

Diagnosis

Jika seseorang dicurigai mengalami neuropati optik, pemeriksaan yang dapat dilakukan adalah pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk memeriksa kelainan tiroid. Selain pemeriksaan darah, pemeriksaan lapang pandang pada mata dilakukan untuk menentukan luas lapang pandang. Jika tidak ada perubahan dalam luas lapang pandang, pemeriksaan ini dijadikan sebagai baseline untuk pemeriksaan selanjutnya di kemudian hari. Pemeriksaan lainnya seperti penggunaan CT-Scan atau MRI dilakukan pada pasien yang dicurigai mengalami keluhan yang disebabkan oleh otot yang ada di sekitar mata.

 

Tata Laksana

Pengobatan pada pasien dengan neuropati optik dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu gejala ringan dan gejala sedang-berat. Tindakan awal yang harus dilakukan oleh semua pasien dengan neuropati optik adalah berhenti merokok. Jika pasien memiliki penyakit penyerta seperti tiroid, perlu dilakukan pengobatan untuk mengobati keluhan tiroid. Hingga saat ini belum ada terapi standar dalam mengobati gejala neuropati optik yang disebabkan oleh trauma. Pada beberapa kasus, penggunaan steroid berhasil dalam memperbaiki gejala yang dialami oleh pasien.

Pengobatan pada neuropati optik gejala ringan:

  1. Penggunaan lubrikasi pada mata untuk menghindari mata kering.
  2. Penggunaan obat anti inflamasi topikal pada mata.
  3. Pada saat tidur, kepala lebih tinggi daripada badan untuk mencegah penumpukkan cairan di sekitar mata.
  4. Pada beberapa kasus dimana pasien tidak dapat menutup mata, penggunaan perekat pada kelopak mata dapat membantu untuk mencegah kerusakan pada kornea.

Pengobatan pada neuropati optik gejala sedang-berat:

  1. Pemberian obat steroid sistemik untuk menurunkan inflamasi. Obat steroid dapat diberikan pada mata atau menggunakan obat steroid yang bekerja di seluruh tubuh.
  2. Pada kasus dimana steroid tidka dapat digunakan, dokter dapat mempertimbangkan penggunaan radioterapi. 
  3. Tindakan operasi pada mata dilakukan untuk menurunkan tekanan pada bola mata. Tindakan operasi dipertimbangkan pada kasus kelainan mata yang disebabkan oleh tiroid. 

 

Komplikasi

Neuropati optik dapat menimbulkan kerusakan yang bersifat permanen pada mata, yaitu terdapat kerusakan saraf yang permanen setelah satu episode dari neuropati optik. Penurunan fungsi penglihatan seperti kehilangan kemampuan untuk melihat warna dapat terjadi. Kerusakan yang terjadi dapat bersifat sementara atau bersifat permanen. 

Pada kasus dimana pasien harus mengkonsumsi obat steroid untuk waktu yang lama, komplikasi yang dapat terjadi adalah:

  1. Peningkatan berat badan.
  2. Kadar gula dalam darah yang menngkat.
  3. Gangguan pada tulang.

 

Pencegahan

Neuropati optik dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, tindakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah neuropati optik adalah:

  1. Berhenti merokok.
  2. Pada pasien yang memiliki penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan neuropati optik seperti tekanan darah yang tinggi dan diabetes mellitus dapat melakukan tindakan pencegahan seperti mengontrol tekanan darah dan kadar gula dalam darah.
  3. Pada pasien yang beresiko, disarankan untuk menghindari pengobatan yang dapat menyebabkan neuropati optik.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Untuk dapat mengenali neuropati optik sedini mungkin, segera ke dokter jika mengalami keluhan sebagai berikut:

  1. Terdapat trauma pada daerah mata atau kepala yang disertai dengan penurunan penglihatann secara tiba-tiba.
  2. Terdapat nyeri pada salah satu atau kedua mata yang disertai dengan penurunan fungsi penglihatan.
  3. Nyeri pada saat menggerakkan bola mata yang disertai dengan gangguan penglihatan.
  4. Terdapat peningkatan tekanan intra okular yang ditandai dengan nyeri kepala yang disertai dengan mual dan muntah. Keluhan ini disertai dengan penurunan fungsi penglihatan pada kedua mata.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : dr Erika Indrajaya
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 13:32
  1. Optic neuritis - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. (2021). 
  2. What Is Ischemic Optic Neuropathy?. American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2021).
  3. Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: Practice Essentials, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology. Emedicine.medscape.com. (2021). 
  4. Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) - EyeWiki. Eyewiki.aao.org. (2021). 
  5. Optic Neuritis (Optic Nerve Inflammation): Symptoms, Causes & Tests. Cleveland Clinic. (2021). 
  6. Optic neuropathies. Uptodate.com. (2021). 
  7. Rodriguez-Beato, F., & Jesus, O. (2021). Compressive Optic Neuropathy. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 
  8. Toxic/Nutritional Optic Neuropathy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes. Emedicine.medscape.com. (2021). 
  9. Optic Neuritis. Hopkinsmedicine.org. (2021).
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new5.95msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 1805, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-08 19:34:34', '2025-04-08 19:34:34')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 1805
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-08 19:34:34
      • 8: 2025-04-08 19:34:34
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.03msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 28 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 28
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7579 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7579
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1869 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1869
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 167 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 167
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new720μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8172 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8172
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3617 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3617
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1498 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1498
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5577 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5577
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1754 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1754
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1774 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1774
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1733 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1733
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1698 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1698
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1696 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1696
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new840μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new740μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.04msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    45Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        id
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/neuropati-optik" ]
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        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/neuropati-optik
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "qCXWcYIAgobum9xzMtKbFrVuD52Rvh2AMpW92yc0" "laravel_session" => "xymV8VfvVXsao6CIs6B7uzsvCj0vHZAX0Yf7lqMO" ]
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