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Kandungan Nutrisi di Dalam Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dan Rekomendasi Terbaru Menurut WHO

Kandungan Nutrisi di Dalam Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dan Rekomendasi Terbaru Menurut WHO
Ilustrasi ibu yang menyusui bayi. Credits: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Air Susu Ibu (ASI) adalah makanan yang sangat baik bagi bayi dan memiliki manfaat penting bagi perkembangan bayi. ASI dirancang secara alami untuk memberikan energi dan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan bayi, sangat bermanfaat terutama dalam beberapa bulan pertama kehidupannya. Selain itu, ASI juga mengandung antibodi yang bisa membantu memperkuat sistem kekebalan tubuh dan memberi perlindungan kesehatan bagi bayi.

Proses menyusui antara ibu dengan bayinya juga membantu membangun ikatan emosional antara ibu dan bayi. Dengan mendapatkan ASI yang cukup, diharapkan bayi bisa tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal serta terlindungi dari berbagai infeksi dan penyakit.

 

Kandungan Nutrisi Air Susu Ibu (ASI)

ASI memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang beragam, meliputi:

Protein

Protein adalah salah satu komposisi penting dalam ASI. Ada berbagai jenis protein spesifik di dalam ASI, di antaranya:

  • Laktoferin yang berperan dalam melindungi bayi dengan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri yang bergantung dengan zat besi di saluran cerna
  • IgA sekretorik yang berperan sebagai antibodi di dalam ASI dan melindungi bayi dari paparan virus dan bakteri serta melindungi dari kemungkinan munculnya alergi
  • IgG dan IgM yang membantu melindungi bayi dari infeksi bakteri dan virus
  • Lisozim yaitu enzim dalam ASI yang berperan dalam membantu pertumbuhan flora usus yang sehat dan memiliki sifat antiradang, serta melindungi bayi dari bakteri Salmonella dan E. Coli
  • Faktor Bifidus yang mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri Lactobacillus, bakteri baik yang menciptakan lingkungan usus yang tidak ramah untuk bakteri berbahaya

Lemak

Lemak dari ASI dibutuhkan sebagai sumber energi dan juga berperan dalam berbagai fungsi di tubuh. Lemak membantu penyerapan vitamin larut dalam lemak seperti vitamin A, D, E dan K. Vitamin-vitamin ini penting untuk penglihatan, pertumbuhan tulang, fungsi sistem kekebalan tubuh, perkembangan otak bayi, serta perkembangan sistem saraf pusat. Lemak juga berperan dalam respon peradangan, perkembangan kognitif dan regulasi pertumbuhan bayi.

Baca Juga: Ketahui Cara Alami Meningkatkan Produksi Air Susu Ibu (ASI)

Vitamin

Saat ibu mengonsumsi nutrisi yang cukup dari makanan, termasuk vitamin, ibu akan meneruskan vitamin ini pada bayi melalui ASI. Selain vitamin A, D, E, dan K, ASI juga mengandung vitamin penting lain seperti vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12. Masing-masing vitamin tersebut memiliki peran penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi.

Karbohidrat

ASI mengandung laktosa yang berperan sebagai karbohidrat dan menyumbang sekitar 40% dari total kalori ASI. Selain memberikan energi, laktosa juga membantu menurunkan kadar bakteri tidak sehat di saluran cerna, yang bisa meningkatkan penyerapan kalsium, fosfor dan magnesium di tubuh. Selain itu, laktosa berperan dalam mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri sehat sehingga keseimbangan mikrobiota usus bayi tetap terjaga.

 

Rekomendasi ASI Terbaru dari WHO

Jika sebelumnya para ahli merekomendasikan ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan dan melanjutkan pemberian ASI hingga 12-24 bulan, kini WHO memperbarui rekomendasi ASI hingga usia 2 tahun atau lebih.

Pemberian ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan artinya bayi hanya menerima ASI tanpa tambahan makanan padat atau cairan lainnya. Dengan begini, bayi mendapatkan nutrisi optimalnya, terlindungi dari infeksi dan penyakit, menurunkan risiko gangguan pencernaan serta memiliki ikatan emosional yang kuat dengan ibu. 

Baca Juga: Cara Melancarkan Saluran Air Susu Ibu (ASI) yang Tersumbat

Selanjutnya setelah berusia 6 bulan, sembari menerima ASI, susu formula atau susu hewani, bayi bisa mulai dikenalkan makanan pendamping dan peningkatan tekstur makanan secara bertahap. Pemberian ASI saat ini dapat dilanjutkan hingga 2 tahun atau lebih karena periode ini merupakan periode yang penting untuk perkembangan otak, akuisisi bahasa dan hantaran sensorik untuk pendengaran serta penglihatan, dan perkembangan fungsi kognitif anak.

 

Ingin tahu lebih lanjut mengenai manfaat ASI dan bagaimana memberikan ASI pada bayi? Manfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 22 Mei 2024 | 08:40

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Benefits of Breastfeeding. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15274-benefits-of-breastfeeding 

American Pregnancy Association. What’s In Breast Milk?. Available from: https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/first-year-of-life/whats-in-breastmilk/ 

WHO (2023). Breastfeeding. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1 

John Hopkins Medicine. Breast Milk Is Best. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/breastfeeding-your-baby/breast-milk-is-the-best-milk 

WHO (2023). WHO guidelines for complementary feeding of infants and young children 6–23 months of age. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/who-guideline-complementary-feeding-infants-and-young-children-6-23-months-age 

Jenna Fletcher (2020). What are fat-soluble vitamins?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320310 

Donna Murray, RN, BSN (2020). The Vitamins in Breast Milk and Your Baby's Needs. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/the-vitamins-in-breast-milk-3964175 

Anne Eglash, MD, IBCL, FABM (2019). The Importance of Lactose in Breastmilk. Available from: https://lacted.org/questions/0171-lactose-breastmilk 

Dr. Liji Thomas, MD (2023). Breast milk microbes shape infant gut health. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230509/Breast-milk-microbes-shape-infant-gut-health.aspx 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7886 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7886
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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