Ketahui Tanda-Tanda dan Penyebab Ketuban Pecah Dini

Ketahui Tanda-Tanda dan Penyebab Ketuban Pecah Dini
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Ketuban pecah dini juga dikenal sebagai premature rupture of membrane (PROM). Kondisi ini terjadi bila kantung ketuban yang mengelilingi janin pecah sebelum waktu persalinan, yaitu sebelum usia 37 minggu kehamilan.

Ketuban pecah dini menjadi salah satu kondisi darurat medis, di mana ibu harus segera mendapatkan pertolongan medis agar bisa mencegah infeksi dan mengatur persalinan.

 

Tanda-Tanda Ketuban Pecah Dini

Pengalaman setiap ibu hamil yang mengalami ketuban pecah dini bisa berbeda-beda. Keluarnya air ketuban bisa hanya berupa aliran kecil atau rembesan, sementara ibu hamil lain mungkin merasakan semburan cairan ketuban yang lebih kuat dan banyak dari vagina.

Beberapa faktor yang dapat memengaruhi presentasi ketuban pecah dini meliputi posisi janin di kandungan, ukuran lubang pecah ketuban, tekanan dalam rahim, dan keadaan kesehatan ibu hamil. Oleh karena itu, tidak ada patokan tunggal bagaimana ketuban pecah dini akan terjadi dan dirasakan oleh setiap ibu hamil.

Ibu hamil bisa merasakan keluarnya air dari vagina atau perasaan celana dalam yang sangat lembap, dan air tersebut bisa mengalir sedikit atau merembes terus-menerus hingga pakaian dalam basah. Kondisi ini terjadi sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu. Warna air tersebut juga berbeda dari warna urine.

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Ketuban Pecah dan Bahayanya Bila Pecah Terlalu Dini

 

Penyebab Ketuban Pecah Dini

Pecahnya ketuban dini (PKP) dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, di antaranya:

Kondisi sosial ekonomi rendah

Wanita yang berada dalam kondisi sosial ekonomi rendah sering kali menghadapi tantangan dalam mengakses perawatan prenatal yang tepat. Mereka kesulitan mengakses perawatan prenatal yang tepat karena keterbatasan sumber daya finansial, transportasi, atau aksesibilitas fasilitas kesehatan.

Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan dan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi juga menghambat penanganan dini saat ketuban pecah domo.

 

Infeksi menular seksual

Infeksi menular seksual seperti klamidia, gonore, trikomoniasis dan infeksi bakteri lain meningkatkan risiko ketuban pecah dini. IMS dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada sistem reproduksi wanita, termasuk serviks dan rahim. Peradangan yang berkelanjutan dapat merusak selaput ketuban dan memicu pecahnya kantung sebelum waktunya.

IMS juga memengaruhi kekebalan tubuh termasuk kekebalan lokal pada organ reproduksi yang membuat organ tersebut rentan terhadap infeksi, peradangan dan kerusakan.

Baca Juga: Berbahayakah Jika Ibu Hamil Mengalami Air Ketuban Berlebih?

 

Riwayat persalinan prematur

Bila seorang ibu memiliki riwayat persalinan prematur sebelumnya, maka risiko ketuban pecah dini akan meningkat. Persalinan prematur mungkin disebabkan oleh lemahnya struktur pada selaput ketuban, di mana pada kehamilan berikutnya juga memungkinkan ketuban pecah sebelum waktunya.

Faktor genetik dan lingkungan juga turut berkontribusi terhadap kelahiran prematur. Misalnya ketika faktor genetik memengaruhi kekuatan dan elastisitas selaput ketuban.

 

Perdarahan vagina

Meskipun tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara perdarahan vagina dan ketuban pecah dini, namun beberapa jenis perdarahan vagina selama kehamilan meningkatkan risiko ketuban pecah dini. Contoh kondisi yang bisa menyebabkan keluarnya darah dari vagina adalah plasenta previa (posisi plasenta berada di bawah dan menutupi rahim), solusio plasenta (plasenta terlepas dari dinding rahim), atau infeksi pada saluran reproduksi.

 

Kebiasaan merokok saat hamil

Wanita yang merokok atau terpapar asap rokok aktif maupun pasif selama kehamilan memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami ketuban pecah dini. Merokok dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada plasenta, seperti penebalan pembuluh darah plasenta dan pembentukan plak, yang dapat mengganggu aliran darah dan nutrisi ke janin. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi kesehatan plasenta dan meningkatkan risiko ketuban pecah dini.

Asap rokok mengandung berbagai zat kimia berbahaya yang dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada jaringan tubuh, termasuk selaput ketuban. Paparan zat kimia berbahaya yang terus-menerus bisa merusak selaput ketuban dan meningkatkan risiko pecahnya selaput ketuban sebelum waktunya.

 

Janin memang bisa bertahan beberapa waktu saat ketuban pecah terlalu dini. Namun, Anda tetap membutuhkan pertolongan medis bila ketuban pecah dini.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan konsultasi dengan dokter mengenai kehamilan secara umum dan cara mencegah ketuban pecah dini melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di Play Store atau App Store di ponsel Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 21 Juni 2023 | 08:07

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Premature Rupture of Membranes. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24561-premature-rupture-of-membranes 

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)/Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM). Available from: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/premature-rupture-membranes-prompreterm-premature-rupture-membranes-pprom 

Mount Sinai. Amniotic fluid. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/special-topic/amniotic-fluid 

Rebecca J. Baer, et all (2018). 704: Sexually transmitted infection and risk of preterm or early term birth. Available from: https://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(17)31998-1/fulltext 

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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