Tumor Nasal

Tumor Nasal

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Definisi

Tumor nasal atau tumor hidung merupakan pertumbuhan sel di dalam rongga hidung. Tumor nasal dapat timbul dari setiap struktur di hidung, mulai dari lapisan permukaan paling luar, pembuluh darah, saraf dan bahkan tulang atau tulang rawan dari hidung. Tumor nasal bisa bersifat jinak (bukan kanker) atau bisa bersifat ganas (kanker).

Kebanyakan kasus tumor nasal bersifat jinak. Sifat dari tumor jinak adalah pertumbuhannya yang timbul secara perlahan dan tidak menyebar ke struktur di sekitarnya. Berbeda dengan tumor jinak, kanker dapat menyebar ke jaringan di sekitarnya dan juga dapat menyebar ke bagian tubuh yang lain. Angka kejadian tumor nasal cukup rendah, yaitu hanya 10% dari semua kejadian tumor kepala dan leher dengan perkiraan sekitar 10 orang dalam satu juta terkena setiap tahunnya. Tumor nasal biasanya terjadi pada orang yang berusia di atas 40 tahun dan dua kali lebih umum terjadi pada pria daripada wanita.

 

Penyebab

Meskipun penyebab tumor nasal belum diketahui secara pasti, perkembangan tumor terjadi ketika gen yang mengontrol pertumbuhan sel menjadi rusak. Tumor nasal mulai terbentuk ketika terjadi mutasi genetik yang mengubah sel normal dan sehat menjadi sel yang abnormal. Sel-sel yang normal akan tumbuh dan berkembang pada tingkat yang ditentukan dan akhirnya akan mati pada waktu yang ditentukan juga. Namun, pada sel-sel yang abnormal, pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya di luar kendali, dan mereka tidak mati pada waktu yang ditentukan. Kumpulan dari sel-sel yang abnormal inilah yang akan membentuk suatu massa yang disebut tumor. Jika sel-sel abnormal bersifat ganas, mereka mungkin menyerang jaringan di sekitarnya dan terpisah dari tumor awal untuk menyebar ke bagian lain dari tubuh.

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko tumor nasal meliputi:

  • Pria lebih mungkin terkena tumor nasal daripada wanita.
  • Berusia di atas 40 tahun, paling sering terjadi pada usia 50-an dan 60-an.
  • Merokok atau menjadi perokok pasif.
  • Menghirup udara yang tercemar dengan polusi.
  • Paparan jangka panjang terhadap bahan kimia dan zat iritan di udara di tempat kerja, seperti debu, serbuk kayu, gas dari lem, alkohol, formaldehida, debu dari tepung, kromium, dan nikel.
  • Infeksi virus Human Papillomavirus (HPV), yang merupakan infeksi menular seksual yang umum terjadi.
  • Terpapar zat radioaktif, seperti radium.

 

Gejala

Gejala tumor nasal sering tidak terlalu jelas, bahkan pada beberapa kasus tidak memiliki gejala hingga ukuran tumor membesar dan mengganggu struktur di sekitarnya. Beberapa tanda dan gejala tumor nasal dapat meliputi:

  • Kesulitan bernapas melalui hidung
  • Hidung tersumbat, terutama hanya di satu sisi
  • Kehilangan kemampuan indera penciuman
  • Mimisan yang sering berulang
  • Keluar cairan dari hidung
  • Pembengkakan atau nyeri pada wajah
  • Mata berair
  • Luka di langit-langit mulut
  • Gangguan penglihatan, seperti penglihatan ganda atau kabur
  • Benjolan di leher
  • Kesulitan untuk membuka mulut
  • Sakit kepala

 

Diagnosis

Dalam mendiagnosis tumor nasal, dokter akan mulai dengan melakukan wawancara untuk menanyakan gejala-gejala yang Anda alami, serta faktor-faktor risiko yang mungkin berperan. Selanjutnya, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik, seperti pemeriksaan mata, telinga, hidung, mulut, wajah, leher, dan tenggorokan. Dokter juga mungkin akan melakukan beberapa pemeriksaan penunjang lainnya untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis, seperti:

  • Endoskopi, untuk melihat ke dalam rongga hidung Anda. Pada pemeriksaan endoskopi, sebuah tabung tipis dengan lampu dan kamera di ujungnya akan dimasukkan ke dalam rongga hidung Anda. Kamera akan mengirimkan gambar ke monitor yang digunakan dokter untuk menilai keadaan di dalam rongga hidung Anda.
  • Biopsi. Jika dokter menemukan kelainan pada pemeriksaan endoskopi hidung, alat khusus dapat digunakan untuk mengambil sampel jaringan dari hidung Anda. Sampel kemudian akan dikirim ke laboratorium untuk diperiksa di bawah mikroskop. Pemeriksaan biopsi tumor diperlukan untuk membuat diagnosis akhir dan menentukan jenis tumor nasal.
  • Tes pencitraan (radiologi), agar dapat memberikan gambaran rongga hidung Anda dan biasanya dilakukan untuk menentukan stadium tumor secara lokal dan untuk memeriksa adanya tanda penyebaran atau metastasis. Jenis pemeriksaan yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat rongga hidung termasuk CT-scan dan MRI. CT-scan lebih dipilih untuk pemeriksaan struktur tulang dan dasar tengkorak. MRI lebih digunakan untuk menentukan detail jaringan lunak, seperti menilai penyebaran pada lapisan otak, atau otak itu sendiri.

 

Tata Laksana

Tata laksana tumor nasal tergantung pada lokasi tumor Anda dan jenis sel apa yang terlibat. Beberapa pilihan terapi yang mungkin akan diberikan meliputi:

  • Pembedahan

Sebagian besar tumor nasal ditata laksana dengan pembedahan untuk mengangkat tumor. Tumor nasal terletak di dekat struktur penting yang terdapat di kepala Anda, seperti otak, mata, dan saraf yang mengontrol penglihatan. Dokter bedah akan melakukan prosedur pembedahan untuk meminimalkan kerusakan pada area ini. Pilihan tindakan pembedahan mungkin termasuk:

    • Operasi terbuka. Dokter bedah mungkin perlu membuat sayatan di dekat hidung atau di mulut Anda untuk dapat mengakses rongga hidung, kemudian dokter akan mengangkat tumor dan area yang mungkin terpengaruh, seperti tulang di dekatnya.
    • Bedah minimal invasif. Dalam situasi tertentu, dokter bedah mungkin dapat mengakses tumor menggunakan bantuan endoskopi hidung dan alat khusus. Alat dimasukkan melalui hidung Anda, dan adanya kamera kecil pada ujung alat akan memungkinkan dokter untuk melakukan operasi.

 

  • Terapi radiasi

Terapi radiasi menggunakan energi bertenaga tinggi, seperti sinar-X dan proton, untuk membunuh sel kanker. Terapi radiasi dapat digunakan sendiri atau sebagai kombinasi setelah operasi untuk mengobati tumor nasal.

 

  • Kemoterapi

Kemoterapi adalah tata laksana dengan obat yang menggunakan bahan kimia tertentu untuk membunuh sel kanker. Pada orang dengan tumor nasal, kemoterapi dapat digunakan sebelum atau sesudah operasi. Kemoterapi juga dapat digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan terapi radiasi.

 

  • Perawatan paliatif

Perawatan paliatif adalah tata laksana medis khusus yang berfokus pada pemberian bantuan untuk mengurangi rasa sakit dan gejala penyakit serius lainnya. Perawatan paliatif disediakan oleh tim dokter, perawat, dan profesional terlatih lainnya. Tim perawatan paliatif bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita kanker dan juga keluarganya. Bentuk perawatan ini ditawarkan bersamaan dengan pengobatan atau perawatan lain yang mungkin Anda terima.

 

Komplikasi

Tumor nasal dan beberapa pilihan pengobatannya dapat menyebabkan komplikasi berikut:

  • Bekas luka dari operasi.
  • Perubahan jangka panjang dalam kemampuan penglihatan, pernapasan, berbicara, mengunyah, atau menelan, yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan tumor atau prosedur pembedahan.
  • Kerusakan saraf yang dapat memengaruhi sensasi di wajah dan gerakan di wajah, bahu, atau lengan Anda.
  • Efek samping dari terapi radiasi, seperti nyeri, mual, kesulitan makan, sariawan, kehilangan gigi, dan perubahan indra perasa.
  • Jika sel tumor bersifat ganas, dapat menyebar ke bagian lain dari tubuh Anda.

 

Pencegahan

Belum diketahui cara pasti untuk mencegah timbulnya tumor nasal. Cara berikut dapat membantu Anda untuk mengurangi risiko tumor nasal, yaitu:

  • Berhenti merokok. Jika Anda tidak merokok, jangan pernah mulai untuk merokok. Jika Anda merokok dan ingin berhenti, bicarakan dengan dokter tentang strategi yang dapat membantu, seperti konseling dan penggunaan obat-obatan.
  • Lindungi diri Anda di tempat kerja. Ikuti aturan keselamatan di tempat kerja Anda untuk melindungi diri Anda dari paparan asap berbahaya dan zat iritan di udara, seperti menggunakan masker wajah.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Konsultasikan diri Anda ke dokter jika mengalami gejala-gejala yang mengarah ke tumor nasal untuk mencari tahu penyebab pastinya.

 

Cari tahu lebih banyak seputar penyakit telinga, hidung, dan tenggorokan di sini.

 

Writer : dr Dedi Yanto Husada
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Senin, 1 Juli 2024 | 18:27

Johnston, Mark, et al. Tumours of the Nose. Retrieved 10 Maret 2022, from https://www.entuk.org/tumours-nose 

Nasal and Paranasal Tumors. (2021). Retrieved 10 Maret 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nasal-paranasal-tumors/symptoms-causes/syc-20354136 

Nasal and Sinus Tumors. Retrieved 10 Maret 2022, from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/n/nasal-and-sinus-tumors.html 

Paranasal Sinus Tumors. Retrieved 10 Maret 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/paranasal-sinus-tumors 

 

Sinonasal Tumors. Retrieved 10 Maret 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17477-sinonasal-tumors 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.17msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5703 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5703
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.79msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5704 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5704
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.41msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5705 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5705
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.3msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new109msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 03:26:45' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 03:26:45
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new9.44msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 813 where `id` = 2972
      Bindings
      • 0: 813
      • 1: 2972
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new11.72msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2972, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 03:26:45', '2025-04-06 03:26:45')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2972
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 03:26:45
      • 8: 2025-04-06 03:26:45
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new980μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 33 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 33
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.32msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 45 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 45
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9517 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9517
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8490 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8490
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5632 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5632
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1959 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1959
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1208 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1208
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6236 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6236
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new14.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2823 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2823
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new13.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2942 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2942
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new13.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2950 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2950
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3024 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3024
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2842 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2842
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new920μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new760μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.13msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    48Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    24Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    7Tag.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        081dzBvtDpCmuMrY8E6fJ1g3ssPejKuLL49HRBwA
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/tumor-nasal" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/tumor-nasal
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:19 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.17.62.86" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.17.62.86" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
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