Kutil Kelamin (Kondiloma Akuminata)

Kutil Kelamin (Kondiloma Akuminata)

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Definisi

Kondiloma akuminata, atau yang dalam bahasa awam dikenal sebagai kutil kelamin, merupakan suatu pertumbuhan atau benjolan kecil di sekitar alat kelamin dan anus. Kondiloma akuminata biasanya tidak menimbulkan nyeri, tetapi bisa menyebabkan rasa gatal, kemerahan, atau ketidaknyamanan, dan bisa berdarah.

Kondiloma akuminata termasuk salah satu jenis penyakit infeksi menular seksual (IMS) yang paling sering terjadi. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi beberapa jenis Human Papillomavirus (HPV).  Virus HPV sendiri mempunyai banyak jenis dan tidak semuanya menimbulkan kondiloma akuminata. Diperkirakan hanya sekitar 10% kasus infeksi HPV yang menimbulkan gejala, dan sisanya dapat terinfeksi HPV tetapi tidak menimbulkan gejala. Kondiloma akuminata termasuk kutil yang bersifat jinak, dan bukan suatu keganasan (kanker).

Kasus kondiloma akuminata cukup sering ditemukan pada usia remaja akhir atau dewasa muda, di akhir usia belasan dan dua puluhan, dengan angka kejadian yang diperkirakan sebanyak 400.000 kasus setiap tahunnya.

 

Penyebab

Kondiloma akuminata disebabkan oleh infeksi Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Sekitar 90% kasus kondiloma akuminata disebabkan oleh virus HPV risiko rendah, yaitu tipe 6 dan 11. Virus ini sangat mudah menular melalui kontak kulit-ke-kulit, khususnya saat berhubungan seksual. Namun, virus HPV tidak selalu menyebabkan gejala seperti kutil kelamin. Faktanya, dalam banyak kasus, virus akan hilang dengan sendirinya tanpa menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Kondiloma akuminata biasanya disebabkan oleh jenis HPV yang berbeda dari jenis HPV penyebab kutil di tangan atau bagian tubuh lainnya. Maka dari itu, Anda tidak akan tertular kutil kelamin dengan menyentuh diri sendiri atau orang lain dengan tangan atau kaki yang memiliki kutil.

Penularan kondiloma akuminata menyebar melalui:

  • Hubungan seksual, termasuk hubungan anal, vagina-penis dan vagina-vagina.
  • Sentuhan antar alat kelamin (kontak kulit-ke-kulit tanpa ejakulasi).
  • Memberikan seks oral kepada seseorang yang memiliki HPV atau kondiloma akuminata.
  • Menerima seks oral dari seseorang yang memiliki HPV atau yang memiliki kondiloma akuminata di mulut, bibir, atau lidah.

 

Beberapa penderita dapat menimbulkan gejala dalam beberapa minggu setelah infeksi. Namun, seringkali infeksi membutuhkan waktu berbulan-bulan atau bertahun-tahun untuk menimbulkan gejala. Maka dari itu, cukup sulit untuk menentukan kapan Anda terinfeksi virus HPV. Anda juga mungkin telah terinfeksi HPV tanpa menimbulkan gejala apapun.

 

Faktor Risiko

Kebanyakan orang yang aktif secara seksual akan terinfeksi kondiloma akuminata pada suatu waktu. Faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko Anda terinfeksi meliputi:

  • Melakukan hubungan seksual tanpa pengaman (kondom) dengan banyak pasangan yang berbeda
  • Pernah mengalami infeksi menular seksual lainnya
  • Berhubungan seksual dengan pasangan yang riwayat seksualnya tidak Anda ketahui
  • Aktif secara seksual di usia muda
  • Memiliki sistem kekebalan tubuh yang terganggu, seperti dari infeksi HIV atau obat-obatan penurun sistem imun
  • Merokok

 

Gejala

Pada wanita, kondiloma akuminata dapat tumbuh di vulva (bibir vagina), dinding vagina, area di antara alat kelamin luar dan anus, saluran anus, dan leher rahim. Sementara pada pria, kondiloma akuminata dapat terjadi di ujung atau batang penis, skrotum (kantong buah zakar), atau anus. Kondiloma akuminata juga dapat terjadi di mulut atau tenggorokan seseorang yang telah melakukan kontak seksual oral dengan orang yang terinfeksi. Tanda dan gejala kondiloma akuminata, antara lain:

  • Benjolan kecil, berwarna coklat atau merah muda di area kelamin Anda
  • Berbentuk seperti kembang kol yang disebabkan oleh beberapa kutil yang berdekatan
  • Rasa gatal, sensasi terbakar, atau ketidaknyamanan di area kelamin Anda
  • Perdarahan saat berhubungan
  • Kutil kelamin bisa berukuran sangat kecil dan datar sehingga tidak terlihat. Namun, pada kasus yang jarang, kutil kelamin dapat berkembang menjadi sekelompok besar pada seseorang dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang menurun.

 

Diagnosis

Dalam mendiagnosis kondiloma akuminata, dokter akan mulai dengan melakukan wawancara dengan Anda. Dokter akan menanyakan gejala-gejala apa saja yang Anda alami, dan juga riwayat seksual Anda, seperti apakah pernah berhubungan seksual, termasuk seks oral, seks tanpa kondom, dan berganti-ganti pasangan. Kemudian dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik, khususnya di area sekitar tumbuhnya kondiloma akuminata. Dokter akan melihat langsung dan menilai bentuk kutil yang tumbuh. Pada umumnya, diagnosis kondiloma akuminata dapat ditegakkan berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan tampilan klinis dari kutil. Namun, dokter juga mungkin melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang untuk memastikan diagnosis kondiloma akuminata, seperti:

  • Tes acetowhite. Dokter akan mengoleskan larutan asam ringan pada kulit Anda yang terkena untuk membantu membuat kutil kelamin terlihat lebih jelas. Pemeriksaan ini dapat menyebabkan sedikit sensasi terbakar.
  • Pemeriksaan panggul. Penderita wanita mungkin mendapatkan tes Pap (Pap’s Smear) sebagai bagian dari pemeriksaan panggul untuk memeriksa perubahan serviks (leher rahim) yang disebabkan oleh kutil kelamin. Dokter juga dapat melakukan kolposkopi (pemeriksaan pada leher rahim) untuk memeriksa dan melakukan biopsi pada vagina dan leher rahim.
  • Tes darah. Dokter mungkin sekaligus memeriksa IMS lain yang sering dikaitkan dengan kondiloma akuminata, seperti gonore, sifilis dan klamidia.
  • Pemeriksaan anus. Dokter akan menggunakan alat yang disebut anoscope untuk melihat ke dalam anus untuk memeriksa adanya kutil.
  • Dokter mungkin akan melakukan biopsi (memotong dan mengeluarkan sepotong kecil jaringan kutil seukuran ujung pensil) jika ragu tentang diagnosis.

 

Tata Laksana

Pada beberapa kasus, kondiloma akuminata bisa hilang dengan sendirinya, atau mungkin menjadi lebih besar dan bertambah banyak. Terdapat berbagai cara untuk menghilangkan kutil kelamin dan Anda mungkin memerlukan beberapa perawatan untuk menghilangkan kutil. Pada sebagian besar pilihan prosedur tatalaksana, Anda akan diberikan anestesi (obat bius) terlebih dahulu untuk mematikan rasa di area perawatan. Selama pengobatan, Anda harus menjauhkan diri dari kontak seksual. Dokter dapat menggunakan salah satu metode berikut untuk mengobati kondiloma akuminata, seperti:

  • Elektrokauter, dengan menggunakan arus listrik untuk membakar kutil.
  • Cryotherapy, di mana dokter akan menggunakan nitrogen cair untuk membekukan dan menghancurkan kutil.
  • Laser, dapat menghancurkan pembuluh darah kecil di dalam kutil dan memotong suplai darah kutil.
  • Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP), di mana dokter akan menggunakan loop kawat bermuatan listrik untuk menghilangkan kutil, khususnya kutil pada leher rahim wanita.
  • Obat topikal, yaitu obat yang dioleskan pada kutil sekali seminggu selama beberapa minggu. Dokter mungkin mengoleskan larutan TCA (triklorasetat) pada kutil, atau mungkin memberikan resep agar Anda dapat mengoleskannya sendiri, seperti krim Imiquimod.
  • Pembedahan, di mana dokter mungkin memotong kutil yang besar atau tidak merespons terhadap pengobatan lain.

 

Komplikasi

Kondiloma akuminata pada leher rahim atau di dalam vagina dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada serviks (displasia) yang dapat berujung pada kanker serviks. Selain itu, risiko terkena kanker penis dan anus juga akan meningkat.

 

Pencegahan

Jika Anda aktif secara seksual, Anda dapat melakukan langkah-langkah ini untuk mencegah diri Anda dari tertular atau menularkan infeksi HPV dan infeksi menular seksual lainnya:

  • Gunakan kondom saat berhubungan seksual.
  • Mendapatkan vaksin HPV.
  • Lakukan pemeriksaan rutin dan pengobatan yang diperlukan untuk IMS.
  • Beri tahu pasangan seksual Anda jika Anda memiliki infeksi HPV atau kutil kelamin sehingga mereka dapat diperiksa dan diobati.
  • Jadilah monogami dengan satu pasangan seksual atau batasi jumlah pasangan Anda.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter ?

Konsultasikan diri Anda atau pasangan Anda ke dokter jika mengalami kutil pada area kelamin.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : dr Dedi Yanto Husada
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 20 Mei 2024 | 09:21

Brazier, Yvatte. What to Know About Genital Warts. (2020). Retrieved 26 April 2022, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155236

Genital Warts. (2022). Retrieved 26 April 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/genital-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20355234

Genital Warts. (2020). Retrieved 26 April 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts

Nall, Rachel. Genital Warts. (2022). Retrieved 26 April 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/std/genital-warts

Nazario, Brunilda. Genital Warts and HPV. (2021). Retrieved 26 April 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/genital-warts

Pennycook, Keith B., et al. Condyloma Acuminata. (2021). Retrieved 26 April 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547667/

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new9.36msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 701 where `id` = 3477
      Bindings
      • 0: 701
      • 1: 3477
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.74msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 3477, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 01:12:07', '2025-04-07 01:12:07')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 3477
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-07 01:12:07
      • 8: 2025-04-07 01:12:07
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 0: 33
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7192
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1623
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8814 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8814
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8640 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7163 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7163
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1703
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.08msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.35msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\User
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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