Hipertensi Pulmoner

Hipertensi Pulmoner
Credit: Medicine Net.

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Definisi

Hipertensi pulmoner adalah kondisi tekanan darah tinggi yang memengaruhi pembuluh darah di paru-paru dan sisi kanan jantung. Pada hipertensi pulmoner, pembuluh darah di paru-paru bisa menyempit, tersumbat, atau rusak. Kerusakan tersebut akan memperlambat aliran darah ke paru-paru, dan tekanan darah di pembuluh darah paru-paru (pembuluh nadi pulmonalis) akan meningkat sehingga jantung harus bekerja lebih keras untuk memompa darah menuju paru-paru. Upaya ekstra ini pada akhirnya akan menyebabkan otot jantung mengalami kelemahan dan kegagalan untuk memompa.

Hipertensi pulmoner termasuk salah satu gangguan yang cukup jarang terjadi. Pada dasarnya, hipertensi pulmoner dapat terjadi pada individu dari segala usia, ras, dan latar belakang etnis, meskipun jauh lebih sering terjadi pada dewasa muda dan kira-kira dua kali lebih sering pada wanita dibandingkan pada pria. Gangguan ini juga lebih sering terjadi pada orang yang memiliki kondisi jantung atau paru-paru lain yang mendasarinya.

 

Penyebab

Dalam keadaan normal, darah akan melepaskan karbon dioksida dan mengikat oksigen di paru-paru. Darah biasanya dapat mengalir dengan mudah melalui pembuluh darah di paru-paru (pembuluh nadi pulmonal, kapiler, dan vena) ke jantung.

Proses terjadinya hipertensi pulmoner dimulai dengan adanya cedera pada lapisan sel yang melapisi pembuluh darah kecil di paru-paru. Cedera ini dapat menyebabkan perubahan cara sel-sel ini berinteraksi dengan sel-sel otot polos di dinding pembuluh darah. Sebagai akibatnya, otot polos akan berkontraksi dan tumbuh lebih dari biasanya sehingga akan mempersempit pembuluh darah. Perubahan sel-sel yang melapisi pembuluh darah di paru-paru juga dapat menyebabkan dinding pembuluh darah menjadi kaku, bengkak, dan menebal. Perubahan ini dapat memperlambat atau menghalangi aliran darah menuju paru-paru sehingga menyebabkan hipertensi pulmoner.

Beberapa penyebab yang dapat menimbulkan hipertensi pulmoner, antara lain:

  • Penyakit hati, gangguan rematik, penyakit paru-paru. Hipertensi pulmoner juga dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari kondisi medis lain, seperti penyakit hati kronis dan sirosis hati; gangguan rematik seperti skleroderma atau lupus eritematosus sistemik (lupus); dan kondisi paru-paru, termasuk tumor, emfisema, penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK), dan fibrosis paru.
  • Penyakit jantung tertentu. Penyakit jantung, termasuk penyakit katup aorta, gagal jantung kiri, penyakit katup mitral, dan penyakit jantung bawaan, juga dapat menyebabkan hipertensi pulmoner.
  • Penyakit tromboemboli (gangguan pembekuan darah). Bekuan darah di pembuluh darah besar paru-paru dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hipertensi pulmoner.
  • Kadar oksigen yang rendah. Hidup di dataran tinggi, obesitas, dan menderita sleep apnea (periode napas yang berhenti ketika sedang tidur) juga dapat menyebabkan timbulnya hipertensi pulmoner.
  • Genetika. Hipertensi pulmoner dapat diturunkan dalam sejumlah kecil kasus.
  • Penyebab yang tidak diketahui. Hipertensi pulmoner juga dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi lain, dan dalam beberapa kasus, penyebabnya tidak diketahui.

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko Anda menderita hipertensi pulmoner, antara lain:

  • Hipertensi pulmoner dapat terjadi pada semua usia, termasuk anak-anak, dan kejadiannya akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia (30 hingga 60 tahun)
  • Wanita lebih sering mengalaminya dibandingkan pria
  • Memiliki riwayat keluarga dengan kondisi ini
  • Memiliki berat badan berlebih
  • Menderita gangguan pembekuan darah atau memiliki riwayat gangguan pembekuan darah di paru-paru dalam keluarga
  • Memiliki kondisi penyakit tertentu, seperti penyakit jantung, penyakit paru-paru, penyakit hati, infeksi HIV, atau pembekuan darah di pembuluh darah di paru-paru
  • Terpapar asbes
  • Memiliki penyakit jantung bawaan
  • Hidup di dataran tinggi
  • Menggunakan obat penurun berat badan tertentu
  • Menggunakan obat-obatan terlarang seperti kokain
  • Menggunakan obat golongan Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), yang digunakan untuk mengobati depresi dan kecemasan

 

Gejala

Gejala hipertensi pulmoner biasanya akan muncul secara perlahan. Anda mungkin tidak akan merasakannya selama berbulan-bulan atau bahkan bertahun-tahun. Gejala akan menjadi lebih parah seiring berjalannya penyakit. Gejala dapat bervariasi antar individu dan tergantung derajat keparahan penyakit. Gejala hipertensi pulmoner meliputi:

  • Sesak napas, awalnya dirasakan saat berolahraga dan akhirnya dapat terjadi bahkan saat sedang beristirahat
  • Kelelahan
  • Pusing atau pingsan
  • Tekanan atau nyeri di dada
  • Pembengkakan (edema) di pergelangan kaki, kaki, dan akhirnya dapat terjadi di perut (asites)
  • Warna kebiruan pada bibir dan kulit (sianosis)
  • Denyut nadi cepat atau detak jantung berdebar (palpitasi)

 

Diagnosis

Dalam mendiagnosis hipertensi pulmoner, dokter akan mulai dengan melakukan wawancara dengan Anda. Dokter akan menanyakan gejala-gejala yang Anda alami, riwayat penyakit yang Anda atau keluarga Anda derita, riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya, serta faktor-faktor yang mungkin berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya hipertensi pulmoner. Selanjutnya dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik. Dokter akan mendengarkan bunyi jantung dan paru-paru Anda dengan stetoskop, dan memeriksa apakah terdapat pembengkakan di kaki atau pergelangan kaki Anda. Dokter juga mungkin akan melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang tambahan untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis, karena seringkali gejala hipertensi pulmoner menyerupai penyakit jantung atau paru-paru lainnya. Pemeriksaan tambahan yang mungkin dilakukan meliputi:

  • Tes darah, yang terdiri dari:
    • Panel metabolik lengkap, untuk memeriksa fungsi hati dan ginjal
    • Tes autoantibodi dalam darah, seperti ANA dan ESR
    • Hormon tiroid (TSH), untuk memeriksa masalah tiroid
    • Skrining HIV
    • Gas dalam pembuluh darah pembuluh nadi (pembuluh nadial Blood Gas), untuk menentukan tingkat oksigen dalam darah pembuluh nadi
    • Hitung darah lengkap, untuk memeriksa adanya infeksi, peningkatan hemoglobin, dan anemia
    • B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), yaitu sebuah penanda untuk gagal jantung
  • Ekokardiogram Doppler, dengan menggunakan gelombang suara untuk menunjukkan fungsi bilik kanan jantung, mengukur aliran darah melalui katup jantung, dan kemudian menghitung tekanan pada pembuluh darah pembuluh nadi paru-paru.
  • Rontgen dada, dapat menunjukkan bilik kanan jantung yang membesar dan pembuluh darah pembuluh nadi paru-paru yang membesar.
  • Tes berjalan 6 menit, untuk menentukan tingkat toleransi latihan dan tingkat saturasi oksigen darah selama latihan.
  • Tes fungsi paru, untuk mengevaluasi kondisi paru-paru lainnya, seperti penyakit paru obstruktif kronik dan fibrosis paru idiopatik.
  • Polisomnogram, yaitu skrining untuk memeriksa adakah sleep apnea (periode napas yang berhenti ketika tidur) yang dapat mengakibatkan kadar oksigen rendah di malam hari.
  • Kateterisasi jantung kanan, untuk mengukur berbagai tekanan jantung (di dalam pembuluh darah pembuluh nadi pulmonalis, yaitu pembuluh darah yang berasal dari bilik kanan jantung), kecepatan jantung dalam memompa darah, dan menemukan kebocoran antara sisi kanan dan kiri jantung.
  • Pemindaian perfusi ventilasi (pemindaian V/Q), untuk mencari bukti pembekuan darah di sepanjang jalur menuju paru-paru.
  • Angiogram paru, untuk mencari penyumbatan bekuan darah di pembuluh darah pembuluh nadi pulmonalis.
  • CT scan dada, untuk mencari gumpalan darah dan kondisi paru-paru lainnya yang mungkin berkontribusi atau memperburuk hipertensi pulmoner.

 

Tata Laksana

Belum ada obat yang dapat menyembuhkan hipertensi pulmoner secara total. Tetapi pengobatan dapat memperbaiki gejala dan memperlambat perkembangan penyakit. Jenis tatalaksana biasanya akan tergantung dari penyebab hipertensi pulmoner yang Anda miliki. Jika penyebab hipertensi pulmoner Anda telah diketahui, mengobati penyebabnya dapat memperbaiki kondisi Anda. Misalnya, jika kondisi Anda disebabkan oleh penyakit paru-paru, Anda mungkin memerlukan terapi oksigen untuk meningkatkan kadar oksigen dalam darah Anda. Atau jika disebabkan oleh adanya gumpalan darah di paru-paru, kemungkinan besar Anda akan mengonsumsi obat pengencer darah untuk mencegah gumpalan menjadi lebih besar.

Beberapa pilihan tatalaksana hipertensi pulmoner, meliputi:

  • Obat-obatan, seperti:
    • Golongan diuretik, untuk mengurangi penumpukan cairan di tubuh Anda.
    • Pengencer darah, untuk membantu mencegah gumpalan darah terbentuk atau bertambah besar.
    • Terapi oksigen, untuk meningkatkan tingkat oksigen dalam darah Anda dan membantu jantung berdetak lebih kuat dan memompa lebih banyak darah.
    • Obat-obatan lainnya, seperti obat yang berfungsi untuk melemaskan pembuluh darah sehingga memungkinkan lebih banyak darah untuk mengalir.
  • Perubahan gaya hidup juga dapat membantu Anda merasa lebih baik, seperti:
    • Berhenti merokok
    • Pertahankan berat badan yang ideal
    • Konsumsi makanan bergizi
    • Kurangi stres dalam hidup Anda
    • Berolahraga dan beraktivitas fisik secara rutin
  • Pembedahan. Dalam beberapa kasus yang parah, penderita hipertensi pulmoner memerlukan tindakan pembedahan, seperti transplantasi paru-paru atau transplantasi jantung dan paru-paru.

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi aikbat hipertensi pulmoner meliputi:

  • Pembesaran jantung sisi kanan dan gagal jantung (cor pulmonale)
  • Terbentuknya bekuan darah di pembuluh darah kecil di paru-paru
  • Aritmia, yaitu irama detak jantung yang tidak teratur
  • Pendarahan di paru-paru

 

Pencegahan

Meskipun hipertensi pulmoner tidak dapat dicegah sepenuhnya, Anda dapat mengambil langkah-langkah untuk mencegahnya dengan melakukan perubahan gaya hidup sehat dan mengelola tekanan darah tinggi, penyakit jantung koroner, penyakit hati kronis, dan penyakit paru-paru kronis yang mungkin mendasarinya.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Konsultasikan diri Anda ke dokter jika memiliki gejala-gejala yang mengarah ke hipertensi pulmoner. Mendiagnosis hipertensi pulmoner terkadang membutuhkan waktu dan berbagai pemeriksaan tambahan karena gejalanya seringkali menyerupai kondisi jantung dan paru-paru lainnya.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Dedi Yanto Husada
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Rabu, 12 April 2023 | 21:16

Beckerman, James. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. (2021). Retrieved 31 Maret 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/lung/pulmonary-arterial-hypertension

CDC. Pulmonary Hypertension. (2021). Retrieved 31 Maret 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/pulmonary_hypertension.htm

Grey, Heather. Everything You Need to Know About Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. (2020). Retrieved 31 Maret 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/pulmonary-hypertension

Pulmonary Hypertension. (2021). Retrieved 31 Maret 2022, from https://familydoctor.org/condition/pulmonary-hypertension/

Pulmonary Hypertension. (2021). Retrieved 31 Maret 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20350697

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH). (2019). Retrieved 31 Maret 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6530-pulmonary-hypertension-ph

Pulmonary Hypertension. (2020). Retrieved 31 Maret 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/

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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new16.26msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 343 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 343
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new13.15msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 768 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 768
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new15.83msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5870 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5870
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new13.54msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5871 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5871
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.01msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
        Bindings
        • 0: penyakit-a-z
        • 1: obat-a-z
        • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
        • 3: 0
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new135msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-07 00:32:34' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        • 1: 2025-04-07 00:32:34
        • 2: article
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new8.44msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 677 where `id` = 3231
        Bindings
        • 0: 677
        • 1: 3231
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new5.92msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 3231, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 00:32:34', '2025-04-07 00:32:34')
        Bindings
        • 0: default
        • 1: []
        • 2: 
        • 3: updated
        • 4: 3231
        • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
        • 6: updated
        • 7: 2025-04-07 00:32:34
        • 8: 2025-04-07 00:32:34
        Backtrace
        • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
        • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new920μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6906 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6906
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6625 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6625
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5298 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5298
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9693 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 9693
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1188 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 1188
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.03msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10018 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 10018
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8802 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 8802
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2010 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 2010
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2149 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 2149
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3123 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3123
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3209 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3209
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4709 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 4709
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.05msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: about-us
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new840μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.06msselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Post
      157Post.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Category
      22Category.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Tag
      5Tag.php#?
      App\User
      3User.php#?
      App\Models\TermPolicy
      3TermPolicy.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Page
      1Page.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Faq
      1Faq.php#?
          locale
          id
          _token
          FNzesxp4YqIqzE6u4X0PETILL2s0nC1tF7GxQcLO
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/hipertensi-pulmoner" ]
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          path_info
          /healthpedia-penyakit/hipertensi-pulmoner
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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