Abses Preaurikular

Abses Preaurikular

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Definisi

Abses adalah kumpulan nanah yang nyeri dan biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Abses preaurikular adalah abses yang terbentuk di depan daun telinga. Kondisi ini merupakan sebuah komplikasi dari kelainan bawaan pada telinga luar yang disebut sinus preaurikular. Sinus preaurikular ini adalah sebuah lubang yang terbentuk pada bagian depan dari daun telinga.

Kelainan bawaan telinga luar umumnya terjadi pada 1 dari 12.500 kelahiran. Setidaknya 1-2% dari populasi dunia memiliki sinus preaurikular sehingga kondisi ini merupakan salah satu kelainan telinga bawaan yang paling banyak. Pada beberapa negara, jumlah penderita sinus preaurikular bervariasi, di Amerika Serikat 0.1-0.9%, di Inggris 0.9%, Taiwan 1.6-2.5%, Asia 4-6%, dan Afrika 4-10%. Dengan kata lain, kondisi ini bukan merupakan kelainan yang jarang namun memang sering tidak terdiagnosis karena biasanya tidak menimbulkan gejala. Orang yang bergejala pun jarang yang mencari bantuan medis karena gejalanya dianggap tidak terlalu mengganggu.

Penyebab

Daun telinga terbentuk pada minggu ke-6 kehamilan. Faktor genetik menyebabkan perkembangan telinga luar tidak sempurna sehingga terbentuk lubang atau celah yang berada di depan daun telinga. Lubang ini disebut sinus preaurikular. Biasanya sinus preaurikular tidak menimbulkan gejala apapun kecuali terinfeksi.

Sinus prearikular ini dilapisi oleh sel epitel yang dapat membentuk kista. Kista yang terbentuk ini memang rentan terinfeksi sehingga menyebabkan pembentukan abses preaurikular. Infeksi ini biasanya disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, diikuti oleh spesies Streptococcus, Proteus, dan Peptococcus. Infeksi oleh bakteri ini menyebabkan iritasi, pembentukan cairan, pembengkakan, dan nyeri pada celah preaurikular. Pada akhirnya celah tersebut dapat tersumbat sehingga nanah akan menumpuk di dalam dan membentuk abses.

Sementara itu, alat pendengaran di dalam telinga beserta sarafnya terbentuk bersamaan dengan telinga luar saat perkembangan janin. Oleh karena itu, kelainan telinga luar dapat disertai dengan kelainan telinga dalam seperti ketulian.

Faktor Risiko

  • Riwayat keluarga dengan sinus preaurikular
  • Memiliki kelainan bentuk tengkorak dan wajah. Contoh kelainan tersebut adalah sindrom brankiootorenal, sindrom Beckwith-Wiedemann, disostosis mandibulofasial, displasia okuloaurikulovertebra, dan kelainan kromosom lainnya
  • Konsumsi obat propiltiourasil (PTU) saat hamil. Obat ini merupakan obat untuk hipertiroid. Sebuah studi juga menyebutkan pada janin dari ibu yang mengkonsumsi obat PTU berisiko untuk menderita kelainan sistem saluran kemih bawaan (kista ginjal, pembesaran ginjal)
  • Tidak ada perbedaan pada wanita dan pria dalam frekuensi terjadinya sinus preaurikular. Namun, wanita lebih rentan terhadap abses preaurikular. Hal ini dihubungkan dengan penggunaan makeup dan kosmetik pada wanita sehingga lebih mudah terjadi infeksi

Gejala

Gejala yang umumnya ditemui adalah:

  • Bengkak pada daerah depan telinga
  • Nyeri telinga berulang
  • Keluarnya cairan dari lubang depan telinga yang berulang
  • Gatal pada telinga
  • Kemerahan pada telinga
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Demam

Sekali terinfeksi, sinus prearikular akan lebih rentan terhadap infeksi berulang yang sering. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya residu atau sisa bakteri pada lubang tersebut, ditambah adanya lubang merupakan kerentanan untuk infeksi. Abses sering terjadi pada telinga sebelah kanan karena populasi dunia lebih didominasi oleh orang yang menggunakan tangan kanan.

Diagnosis

Sebuah abses preaurikular biasanya dapat terdiagnosis hanya dengan melihat gejala dan tanda yang terlihat. Pemeriksaan laboratorium yaitu kultur bakteri dan pemeriksaan sensitivitas bakteri tersebut terhadap antibiotik dapat dilakukan terutama pada kasus yang berulang. Pemeriksaan radiologi biasanya tidak diperlukan secara rutin, melainkan hanya dilakukan bila terbentuk sinus atau abses di lokasi yang tidak tipikal atau dicurigai memiliki kelainan lain. Sinus preaurikular ini memang bisa juga disertai dengan kelainan bawaan lainnya seperti hilang pendengaran atau gangguan ginjal. Oleh karena itu, orang dengan abses atau sinus preaurikular harus diperiksa untuk mencaria danya kelainan bawaan lainnya.

Abses preaurikular sering salah terdiagnosis menjadi jerawat, infeksi folikel rambut, infeksi lain seperti tuberkulosis, serta kondisi bawaan lain seperti kista dermoid atau kista sebasea.

Tata Laksana

Sinus preaurikular biasanya tidak menimbulkan gejala sehingga tidak perlu terapi. Namun, sebagian kecil akan mengalami infeksi berulang dengan peradangan di sekitarnya sehingga membentuk kista, abses, dan cairan yang keluar dari lubang sinus tersebut.

Pemberian obat-obatan tidak sepenuhnya menghilangkan bakteri yang ada di sinus preaurikular. Operasi pengangkatan atau pembuangan abses dan sinus preaurikular merupakan cara yang paling pasti untuk membuang bakteri sisa pada sinus sehingga tidak terjadi kekambuhan dan mencegah komplikasi yang dapat terjadi.

Biasanya dokter akan memberikan antibiotik minum selama 10-14 hari. Antibiotik yang diberikan biasanya untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, misalnya gabungan amoksisilin dan asam klavulanat. Setelah itu, nanah di dalam abses akan disedot menggunakan jarum jika memungkinkan. Penyedotan ini akan memberikan kenyamanan karena akan mengurangi rasa sakit yang ada. Jika menggunakan prosedur ini abses masih terbentuk lagi, maka dilakukan operasi insisi-drainase dimana akan dilakukan sayatan lalu nanah akan dialirkan keluar. Setelah infeksi terkontrol, maka akan dilakukan pengangkatan sinus preaurikular. Operasi pengangkatan ini terutama dilakukan jika terdapat infeksi yang berulang atau menetap.

Pada individu dengan penurunan sistem imun atau yang terlihat sangat sakit, maka mungkin akan membutuhkan terapi antibiotik secara infus atau injeksi dan dilanjutkan dengan drainase secara bedah.

Terapi untuk abses preaurikular masih kontroversial dan bisa berbeda-beda tergantung dari institusi. Beberapa tidak menyarankan prosedur tertentu seperti insisi dan drainase karena alasan kosmetik, namun beberapa masih menganut prosedur ini karena dianggap efektif dalam membersihkan infeksi.

Komplikasi

Jika tidak ditangani, infeksi dapat menyebar ke struktur terdekat seperti ke daun telinga, liang telinga, dan sendi yang menghubungkan rahang ke tengkorak. Selain itu, abses juga dapat menimbulkan bekas luka yang berlebihan hingga keloid yang mengganggu kosmetik.

Sinus preaurikular yang terinfeksi dapat menyebabkan abses kronis atau jangka panjang. Hal ini terjadi akibat rusaknya dinding abses sehingga nanah atau cairan didalamnya keluar dan menginfeksi jaringan sekitar.

Sementara itu, meskipun operasi dilakukan dengan hati-hati, kekambuhan tetap dapat terjadi akibat adanya sisa dinding kista atau abses yang tertinggal di dalam bekas luka operasi. Angka kekambuhannya sekitar 0-42%.

Pencegahan

Pembentukan sinus preaurikular tidak dapat dicegah karena merupakan kelainan bawaan. Namun, abses preaurikular yang dapat terjadi akibat terinfeksinya sinus dapat dicegah yaitu dengan memperhatikan kebersihannya. Beberapa penelitian mengatakan pengangkatan sinus preaurikular yang tidak bergejala dapat dilakukan untuk menghindari terjadinya infeksi dan abses di kemudian hari. Operasi ini dilakukan oleh dokter bedah THT ataupun dokter bedah kepala dan leher yang berpengalaman dan membutuhkan pembiusan umum.

Kapan harus ke Dokter?

Jika Anda memiliki sinus preaurikular dan tidak menimbulkan gejala, maka sebenarnya tidak memerlukan terapi apapun. Anda disarankan untuk melakukan observasi saja. Jika terdapat tanda infeksi seperti kemerahan, bengkak, nyeri, atau keluar cairan maka Anda harus berkonsultasi dengan dokter karena sinus preaurikular yang terinfeksi, apalagi sudah membentuk abses harus ditangani dengan baik untuk menghindari komplikasi.

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 10:04

W. A. Adegbiji, C. (2022). Presentation of Preauricular Sinus and Preauricular Sinus Abscess in Southwest Nigeria. PubMed Central (PMC). Retrieved 28 February 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884798/.

Isaacson, G. (2019). Comprehensive management of infected preauricular sinuses/cysts. International Journal Of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 127, 109682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109682

Preauricular Sinus Abscess | The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e | AccessEmergency Medicine | McGraw Hill Medical. Accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com. (2022). Retrieved 28 February 2022, from https://accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2969&sectionid=250456085.

Preauricular Cysts, Pits, and Fissures: Practice Essentials, Epidemiology, Etiology. Emedicine.medscape.com. (2022). Retrieved 28 February 2022, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845288-overview#a7.

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new11.65msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5597 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5597
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.44msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5598 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5598
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new11.96msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5599 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5599
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.05msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
        Bindings
        • 0: penyakit-a-z
        • 1: obat-a-z
        • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
        • 3: 0
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new103msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 23:18:35' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        • 1: 2025-04-06 23:18:35
        • 2: article
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new25.63msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 1866 where `id` = 2853
        Bindings
        • 0: 1866
        • 1: 2853
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.78msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2853, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 23:18:35', '2025-04-06 23:18:35')
        Bindings
        • 0: default
        • 1: []
        • 2: 
        • 3: updated
        • 4: 2853
        • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
        • 6: updated
        • 7: 2025-04-06 23:18:35
        • 8: 2025-04-06 23:18:35
        Backtrace
        • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
        • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
        • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new760μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.57msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5483 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5483
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7079 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 7079
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7680 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 7680
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.49msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5705 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5705
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3695 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3695
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3617 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 3617
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 895 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 895
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5098 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5098
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6212 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6212
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6228 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6228
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5633 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5633
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5670 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5670
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new590μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: about-us
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new520μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new580μsselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Post
      25Post.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Category
      22Category.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Tag
      8Tag.php#?
      App\User
      3User.php#?
      App\Models\TermPolicy
      3TermPolicy.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Page
      1Page.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Faq
      1Faq.php#?
          locale
          id
          _token
          IB4YltmpfiTIHnAU3oLKOXVV8SrlOu3GqRM1k78O
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/abses-preaurikular" ]
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          path_info
          /healthpedia-penyakit/abses-preaurikular
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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